摩托车驾驶员驾驶行为、人格、交通安全态度与事故的关系研究

本研究采用摩托车驾驶员驾驶行为问卷、中国人人格量表、感觉寻求量表和交通安全态度问卷,对800名摩托车驾驶员的驾驶行为、人格、交通安全态度与摩托车交通事故的关系进行了探讨.结果表明:摩托车驾驶员的人格、交通安全态度对驾驶行为有直接影响;驾驶行为、交通安全态度对事故有直接的影响;摩托车驾驶员的人格和交通安全态度也可通过驾驶行为间接影响事故.     

汉语句子-图片信息整合的眼动测量

采用眼球追踪-分析法考察了“句子-图片”验证范式下句图信息整合过程中句式和语义关系类型的作用。实验结果表明：（1）汉语句子-图片信息整合过程中,句图继时呈现没有消除语义失配效应,注视次数、总注视时间显著增加,瞳孔直径扩大。语义失配会显著干扰句法难度低的句式的句图信息整合。（2）句式影响句子-图片信息的整合过程,注视次数、总注视时间、瞳孔直径随句法难度增加而增加。（3）汉语句图信息整合过程中,语义失配效应受句式影响,表现出任务的特异性,这说明成分比较模型不具有一般性     

大学生社会支持与幸福感:社交自尊的中介作用

采用领悟社会支持量表、德克萨斯社会行为问卷和综合幸福感问卷对330位大学生进行调查,建立社会支持、社交自尊和幸福感的结构方程,考察社交自尊在社会支持与幸福感之间的中介作用。结果发现:(1)大学生社会支持对社交自尊和主观幸福感、心理幸福感都有显著的正向预测作用;(2)大学生社交自尊对主观幸福感和心理幸福感均具有显著的正向预测作用;(3)社交自尊在社会支持和主观幸福感、心理幸福感之间起到部分中介的作用,即社会支持直接对主观幸福感、心理幸福感产生影响,也可通过社交自尊间接影响主观幸福感、心理幸福感。     

句法预测对句子理解影响的眼动实验

实验采用眼动技术实时考察了句子阅读理解过程中的句法预测效应和并列句的结构表征特点。眼动数据分析发现：(1)有无句法预测没有明显影响名词短语区域的加工, 不同眼动指标差异不显著; (2)有无句法预测显著影响被试对包含暂时局部歧义的关键区和具有解歧作用的关键后区域的阅读理解, 首次注视时间、第一遍阅读时间、回视路径时间和第一遍回视率明显减少。眼动研究表明, 暂时局部歧义句子阅读理解过程中表现出明显的句法预测效应, 有句法预测降低了局部歧义区域和解歧区域早期和晚期加工的难度; 和英语的短语并列优先法则不同, 汉语并列句子的结构表征出现分离现象, 即短语并列和句子并列。     

Dynamic awareness of age-related losses predict concurrent and subsequent changes in daily inductive reasoning performance

To address gaps in previous research, we examined daily within-person associations between awareness of age-related change (AARC) and cognitive performance in older adults. One hundred twelve adults aged 60–90 participated in an online daily diary study for nine consecutive days. On Day 1, they reported demographic information. On Days 2–9, they reported daily AARC, subjective age, and stressors and completed three tasks that gauged memory (word recall), perceptual speed (number comparison), and reasoning (letter series), respectively, once per day. Unconditional multilevel models revealed significant within-person fluctuations in daily cognitive performance and daily AARC. Controlling for age, education, health, and daily stressors, daily awareness of age-related losses was negatively associated with letter series scores of the same day and changes from one day to the next. The effects held over and above AARC gains and subjective age. Dynamic, naturally occurring perceptions of ageing may influence within-person concurrent and subsequent changes in reasoning performance on a daily basis and point to a promising avenue of intervention.     

Scaling of theory-of-mind understandings in Chinese children

Prior research demonstrates that understanding of theory of mind develops at different paces in children raised in different cultures. Are these differences simply differences in timing, or do they represent different patterns of cultural learning? That is, to what extent are sequences of theory-of-mind understanding universal, and to what extent are they culture-specific? We addressed these questions by using a theory-of-mind scale to examine performance of 140 Chinese children living in Beijing and to compare their performance with that of 135 English-speaking children living in the United States and Australia. Results reveal a common sequence of understanding, as well as sociocultural differences in children's developing theories of mind.     

四字成语语境中汉字信号监测的警觉研究

成语中某一字出错作为应检测信号,正确成语作为噪音,实验时间为１００分钟,分成五个相等的时间段。结果发现,（１）四种音形条件下平均正检率在第一时间段明显上升然后保持平稳,反应时随时间变化不显著但音异形假在第一阶段与音同形异在第五阶段的反应时间明显长于其余时间阶段。（２）四种音形条件下正检率有差异,从高到低依次为：音同形似、音同形异、音异形似、音异形假．（３）音形与时间段在正确率上无交互作用,在反应时间上存在交互作用。     

明代《阵记》中的人力资源管理心理思想研究

在明代的诸多军事著作中,何良臣的《阵记》颇具独创,尤其是在人力资源管理心理方面提出了许多很有价值的观点。他提出了人员选拔的标准,主张重品性素质,招乡间诚实之人;重心理素质,首取胆气精神、提出了人员训练方法,要求教以礼义,养其荣辱;教练武艺,张胆作气,将技能训练与训练士兵的心理素质结合起来。提出了“尽人之才,以致其用”的用人原则,以及恒常、公平、适度的激励原则。     

Telephone Counseling for Smoking Cessation: What's in a Call?

Telephone counseling for smoking cessation has been gaining popularity as studies have demonstrated its efficacy. What comprises a successful program, however, has not yet been detailed in the literature. In this article, an innovative telephone counseling intervention for smoking cessation is described, with attention to the clinical issues of client assessment, motivation, self-efficacy, planning, coping, relapse-sensitive call scheduling, and self-image. Counselor training and supervision issues, ethical and legal considerations regarding this form of service delivery, and suggestions for future direction also are outlined.     

人格特质与高温运动应激后免疫功能变化的关系

观察了１１名护士实习生在高温运动应激下免疫功能的变化及其与人格特质的关系。结果表明：（１）高温运动应激可导致Ｔ３、Ｔ４、淋巴细胞百分比明显降低,皮质醇、ＩＬ—１明显升高。人格特质变化组应激前后Ｔ３、Ｔ４及淋巴细胞变化明显,而ＩＬ—１上升幅度小,提示机体对应激源的低反应性和异常人格特质对免疫的抑制作用。（２）Ｔ３应激时的变化值与Ｘ２、Ｘ３、Ｙ１呈明显正相关,与Ｘ１、ＳＴＡＩ（２）、ＳＣＬ—９０明显负相关;Ｔ４变化值与ＳＣＬ－９０、ＳＴＡＩ（１）、ＳＴＡＩ（２）、ＳＤＳ呈明显负相关;ＩＬ—１与Ｙ１、Ｘ２呈明显正相关,与ＳＤＳ呈明显负相关;皮质醇变化与人格特质无显著性相关,Ｘ４与免疫功能变化无显著性相关。