运动竞赛状态焦虑量表（CSAI—2问卷）中国常模的修订

该量表是由美国伊利诺斯大学的马腾斯等人（１９９０）以多维的竞赛状态焦虑理论为指导而编制成的．我们在全国二十七个省市各级各类及各种项目的运动队中随机抽取了２,０９９名被试,按照优秀运动员（男、女）,中学（中专）文化程度（男、女）与大学（大专）文化程度（男、女）的样组修订出了中国的六个常模,还修订出６个分项目的常模,共１２个．同时,进行了效度和信度检验。本量表可以用于现场测试运动员（包括业余的、专业的和学生运动员）在进行运动竞赛时的焦虑水平。     

Parent and Teen Perceptions Regarding Parental Efforts at Controlling Teen Drunk Driving1

This research examined the potential utility of a parental control technique to prevent adolescent drunk driving by identifying parent and teen sources of resistance to an ignition interlock system. The research also examined the theoretical issue of parental control over adolescents by identifying factors parents consider when deciding to use a control technique. Parent and teen receptivity to the interlock was examined in relation to teen drunk driving. General parental control orientations (controlling vs. permissive) were examined in relation to the factors that influence parental decisions to implement such a control technique. Factors related to sources of reluctance to use the device were also examined. The findings revealed that parents were generally ambivalent toward the interlock. In contrast, teens responses varied, with approximately 20% of the sample reporting favorable attitudes toward having an interlock installed in the their cars. In addition, both parents and teens expressed concern about how the interlock would affect their relationship with each other. Finally, controlling parents tended to place less emphasis on the perceived effectiveness of the control technique when forming their attitudes toward its implementation compared to permissive parents. The findings are discussed in the context of prevention efforts for adolescent drunk driving.     

列宁帝国主义论的实践要义及其中国回响

列宁帝国主义论兼具“解释世界”和“改变世界”的双重意蕴。事实上,这一理论在帝国主义时代首先强调的是为无产阶级革命实践服务,其实践要义是批判、反对并超越帝国主义。在实践原则、策略及其运用上,列宁帝国主义论坚持原则性和策略性的辩证统一,坚决反对帝国主义,主张革命与建设并举、反对资本与利用资本相结合;在实践精神上,列宁帝国主义论坚持批判性和革命性相统一的原则,主张坚决反对任何形式的机会主义,大力倡导国际主义精神;在实践影响上,列宁帝国主义论倡导推动俄国革命从一国到世界范围的空间跃迁。中国共产党百余年来始终坚持继承、运用和发展列宁帝国主义论,深度阐释了反帝反封建、和平共处五项原则、“三个世界划分”、人类命运共同体等思想学说,极大地推进了马克思主义中国化历程。     

文化对中国人思维方式的影响

文化对生活于其中的人们的心理与行为有影响已是公认的事实 ,但不同的学科对文化通过什么起作用却一直存在争论 ,文化心理学的兴起对回答这个问题提供了一条值得借鉴的思路。该文通过分析 90年代以来文化心理学研究的思路、方法以及这种思路与方法在研究中国人的思维特性时的发现 ,指出对中国人思维特性的探讨能够使我们在更深的的层次上理解中国文化的影响以及东西方文化差异的根源。     

心理韧性、孤独感、自我效能感预测老年人主观幸福感的优势分析

心理韧性、孤独感、自我效能感都会影响老年人的主观幸福感,但三者影响程度的相对大小尚不清楚。为考察其影响力的大小,本研究采用了优势分析的方法。选取心理韧性量表、UCLA孤独量表、一般自我效能感量表分别测量老年人的心理韧性、孤独感、自我效能感,主观幸福感量表、费城老年中心信心量表测量老年人主观幸福感。优势分析结果表明,孤独感对老年人主观幸福感的预测力大于心理韧性与自我效能感;心理韧性的预测力大于自我效能感。本研究提示减少孤独感是提升老年人主观幸福感的重要途径,而老年人的心理韧性和自我效能感对提升老年人主观幸福感有一定的作用。     

“善待宽恕者”还是“报复非宽恕者”:基于博弈范式对冒犯者得到宽恕以后行为动机的研究

近期国内外研究比较一致地认为冒犯者在得到宽恕后,不倾向于再次伤害被冒犯者。但这些研究并未解释冒犯者为什么这么做,是出于"善待宽恕者"的动机,还是出于"报复非宽恕者"的动机。为此,本研究通过囚徒困境的博弈范式研究了冒犯者得到宽恕以后的行为动机。结果显示,在"得到宽恕"的情境中,冒犯者善待对方的程度要显著高于"没有得到宽恕"和"不确定是否得到宽恕"的情境,而后两者之间没有显著差异。该结果一方面进一步验证了冒犯者得到宽恕以后不倾向于再次伤害对方的结论,另一方面也初步确定了冒犯者得到宽恕以后行为的动机,即"善待宽恕者",而非"报复非宽恕者",并对人际互动具有一定的指导意义。     

先前知识、超文本层次深度和类型对低结构化信息搜索的影响

探讨先前知识、超文本层次深度和类型对低结构化中文信息搜索的影响。采用2(先前知识)×8(文本组织形式)的被试间设计,以平均搜索时间和迷路指数为因变量。结果发现:(1)先前知识对线性文本和超文本(尤其是层次型超文本)的搜索均有利;(2)随着层次深度的增加,对超文本的搜索时间显著增加,迷路指数也呈增加的趋势;(3)搜索线性文本的迷路指数显著低于超文本;(4)不同类型超文本的搜索绩效基本无显著差异。因此,先前知识、层次深度对超文本信息搜索的影响比超文本类型和信息的结构化水平更重要。     

Destigmatising the stigma: Understanding the impact of message framing on Chinese consumers' guilt and attitude associated with overspending behaviour

Overspending has been a largely stigmatised consumer behaviour in traditional Chinese culture. However, social and economic development in recent decades has induced the rise of Chinese consumerism and changes in public attitudes towards overspending. Focusing on overspending stigmas Gouwukuang (GWK) and Duoshoudang (DSD) and stigma‐relevant attitudes, the present study investigates the effect of perceived stigma on consumers' attitude towards overspending through the mediating effect of anticipated consumer guilt. The moderating role of message framing in this relationship is also examined. Results of two analyses indicate that (a) between the two stigmas, DSD is less stigmatising and preferred in comparison to GWK in social interaction and self‐identification; (b) participants' perception of the stigma associated with overspending predicts their anticipation of guilt associated with this behaviour, which in turn predicts negative attitude towards overspending; (c) message framing moderates the relationship between perceived stigma and anticipated guilt, and hence facilitates destigmatisation of the traditionally stigmatised behaviour of overspending. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

Interfacial strengthening of β phase in a fully lamellar structure of TiAl alloy containing W

The strengthening of the β phase in two fully lamellar structures with different lamellar spacing of a Ti–48?at.%?Al–2?W?at.% alloy during creep deformation has been investigated. It was found that the β phase precipitates during aging treatments only within regions of α₂ lamellae following their dissolution. The strengthening of the β phase is more effective in the coarser lamellar structure, because the wider β precipitation zones, which replace the prior coarser α₂ lamellae, hinders dislocation motion stronger than the narrower ones.     

Investigation of the interaction of He and D in FeBSi alloy

He and H can be produced by nuclear reaction. In addition, energetic particles of He and T and D, which are isotopes of H, in the plasma of fusion reactor induce the damage in the surface of materials, such as erosion, sputtering and blistering. To investigate the interaction of He and D, amorphous and crystalline FeBSi alloys were irradiated by He or D₂ or He?+?D₂ ions with 5?keV. The results of thermal desorption indicated that more He atoms were trapped in both the amorphous and crystalline alloy irradiated by He ions than D atoms in those alloys irradiated by D₂ ions. Although He and D atoms were trapped in FeBSi alloy irradiated by He?+?D₂ ions, desorption peaks of D₂ and He were separated. Absorption of D in an amorphous alloy was influenced by the presence of He; however, absorption of He was independent of D₂ irradiation in both alloys.