中国古代学者论志意本质

中国古代的意志理论非常丰富,从志意概念、志意本质、志意关系、志意功能到志意的培养诸方面都有涉及。本研究着重讨论中国古代学者关于意志本质的观点。     

运动竞赛状态焦虑量表（CSAI—2问卷）中国常模的修订

该量表是由美国伊利诺斯大学的马腾斯等人（１９９０）以多维的竞赛状态焦虑理论为指导而编制成的．我们在全国二十七个省市各级各类及各种项目的运动队中随机抽取了２,０９９名被试,按照优秀运动员（男、女）,中学（中专）文化程度（男、女）与大学（大专）文化程度（男、女）的样组修订出了中国的六个常模,还修订出６个分项目的常模,共１２个．同时,进行了效度和信度检验。本量表可以用于现场测试运动员（包括业余的、专业的和学生运动员）在进行运动竞赛时的焦虑水平。     

目标－背景色的配合对彩色CRT显示工效的影响

以通道容量为作业效标,用实验方法对ＣＲＴ显示屏上黑、深蓝、绿、浅蓝、红、紫、黄、白等８种颜色组成的５６种目标－背景色配合方式与显示工效的关系作了比较研究。结果表明：从工效学考虑,彩色ＣＲＴ显示屏的背景色有以深色为好的趋势,目标色有以浅色为好的趋势。目标与背景色彩的恰当配合能显著提高信息的传递绩效。白目标黑背景、黄目标黑背景、绿目标黑背景等对比度较大的目标－背景配合显示工效最佳。     

飞机座舱视听告警方式的工效学研究

该研究比较了由话音、灯光和音调信息组成的纯视觉告警、纯听觉告警和不同视听综合告警的效绩 ,以探讨当前在飞机座舱告警系统设计中存在的一些争议较大的问题。实验采用了双重作业法 ,主作业是一维补偿追踪 ,次作业是离散信号反应作业。结果表明 :1以音调信号作为听觉主告警加在话音信号前的方式将使信号反应时增长。但听觉主告警信号对提供告警级别信息可能有一定作用。2警告、注意和提示三级告警采用视觉 (信号灯 )方式优于它们都采用视听双显示方式 ,也优于纯听觉告警方式。3最佳的告警方式是警告信号采用灯光和话音显示 ,其余两类信号采用灯光显示。     

学生智力与反应时的关系的教育神经心理学研究

通过比较不同智商者的大脑两半球的反应时发现,小学生中智力较高者大脑西半球的反应时较智力较低者明显为短,说明智力水平与大脑反应明显相关;选择反应时与智力水平的关系较简单反应时尤为密切。但正确反应率在两组之间未见有明显差异。     

视觉追踪作业心理负荷的多变量评估研究

敏感性是心理负荷测量技术可靠性的基本要求。该研究利用主任务绩效、次任务绩效、主观“加权负荷”评定和心率变异变化率四项指标,在计算机模拟情境下对视觉追踪作业心理负荷进行多变量评估实验。结果发现,以上述四项指标为基础建立的“综合加权评估指数”是一项较有效的评估指标,其敏感性远高于任何单独的评定。     

Revisiting schindler and schlinder's list: A group therapist's perspective

Film Reviews

Revisiting schindler and schlinder's list: A group therapist's perspective     

PRESCHOOL ORIGINS OF CROSS-NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN MATHEMATICAL COMPETENCE:

Abstract— Differences in mathematical competence between U S and Chinese children first emerge during the preschool years, favor Chinese children, and are limited to specific aspects of mathematical competence The base-10 structure of number names is less obvious in English than in Chinese, differences between these languages are reflected in children's difficulties learning count Language differences do not affect other aspects of early mathematics including counting small sets and solving simple numerical problems Because later mathematics increasingly involves manipulation of symbols, this early deficit in apprehending the base-10 structure of number names may provide a basis for previously reported differences in mathematical competence favoring Chinese schoolchildren     

知识教学中认知策略与原有知识间关系的实验研究

模拟课堂教学情境,探讨知识教学中学习者的认知策略与原有知识间的相互关系。研究表明,二者存在明显的相互作用,策略学习只有在学习者具备适当原有知识的基础上才能有效地促进学习;当原有知识缺乏时,策略教学对学习成绩没有显著性影响;原有知识水平的高低可直接影响学生的学习成绩。该结论对于实际教学工作具有一定的指导意义。     

On the Respective Roles of Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide in Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus

Perfusion of hippocampal slices with an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase-blocked induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) produced by a one-train tetanus and significantly reduced LTP by a two-train tetanus, but only slightly reduced LTP by a four-train tetanus. Inhibitors of heme oxygenase, the synthetic enzyme for carbon monoxide (CO), significantly reduced LTP by either a two-train or four-train tetanus. These results suggest that NO and CO are both involved in LTP but may play somewhat different roles. One possibility is that NO serves a phasic, signaling role, whereas CO provides tonic, background stimulation. Another possibility is that NO and CO are phasically activated under somewhat different circumstances, perhaps involving different receptors and second messengers. Because NO is known to be activated by stimulation of NMDA receptors during tetanus, we investigated the possibility that CO might be activated by stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Consistent with this idea, long-lasting potentiation by the mGluR agonist tACPD was blocked by inhibitors of heme oxygenase but not NO synthase. Potentiation by tACPD was also blocked by inhibitors of soluble guanylyl cyclase (a target of both NO and CO) or cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and guanylyl cyclase was activated by tACPD in hippocampal slices. However, biochemical assays indicate that whereas heme oxygenase is constitutively active in hippocampus, it does not appear to be stimulated by either tetanus or tACPD. These results are most consistent with the possibility that constitutive (tonic) rather than stimulated (phasic) heme oxygenase activity is necessary for potentiation by tetanus or tACPD, and suggest that mGluR activation stimulates guanylyl cyclase phasically through some other pathway.