利益相关者权利与企业社会责任——兼论企业的环保责任

企业的社会责任可以从责任相对人一企业利益相关者的权利的角度来界定.企业社会责任不仅仅要求企业超越简单的"股东利益最大化"的狭隘立场,而且也要超越狭隘的"社会利益最大化"的立场,以超越单纯经济计算的理性态度来维护和促进人类的某些基本价值的实现.     

内隐学习的人工神经网络模型

近年来,人工神经网络模型常被用来模拟各种心理活动,从而为心理学的一些相关理论提供丰富的证据,内隐学习也不例外。基于权重调整来学习正确反应的人工神经网络模型和内隐学习的两大本质特征间有着极为相应的匹配,因此,人工神经网络模型特别适用于内隐学习研究。到目前为止,针对两种较为普遍的内隐学习任务,已经相应地出现了两种使用较为广泛的神经网络模型——自动联系者和简单循环网络     

"佛本之争"后的本教

赤松德赞时期,是佛教与本教的斗争最为激烈的时期。佛、本之间为了取得独尊的地位,进行了辩论。一般的研究认为,这次辩论的结果是本教被禁止传播。本文通过吐蕃时期的法律条文所记载的内容、今新疆地区出土的简牍资料以及吐蕃的金石资料等,证明赤松德赞实际上采取了比较和缓的宗教政策,佛本之争后本教并未受到重创。即使在佛教已经广为传播的中下层社会,本教依旧是社会宗教活动的主流。     

章半仙失算金家

每年中考、高考前夕,考生是为考试温功课忙,家长是为小辈前程忙,而这时候的算命、相面人,更为考生、家长所急,不过他们是为赚钱而已。章半仙为老金家孩子金朝测算前程就是例子。     

Influence of Culture on Ethical Decision Making in Psychology

This study focused on the influence of American and Chinese cultures on consequentialism orientation in decision-making within the broader context of psychologists’ academic roles and responsibilities. In addition, this study hypothesized that educational level would affect culturally influenced ethical decision making in both cultures. Based on the American Psychological Association Ethics Code, 20 ethical scenarios in 5 domains in psychology were created and used to examine the influence of culturally ethical beliefs on psychologists’ decision making among 181 participants. The results indicated that significant cultural differences in consequentialism orientation differentiated Chinese and American participants and influenced their resolution of ethical issues.     

记忆的自我参照效应

自我参照效应(self-reference effect)指的是记忆材料与自我相联系时的记忆效果显著优于其他编码条件。自我对记忆的促进作用,存在多种理论解释,最主要的有:精细加工说,组织加工说以及双过程说。自我参照效应的研究为应用脑功能成像技术对自我进行脑定位提供了一个新的视角,为情节记忆的HERA模型提供了有力的证据。目前,自我参照效应的研究同文化差异研究相结合,成为一个新的研究趋势。     

错误再认:意识、注意和刺激特性

该研究基于错误再认现象,确立了意识知觉和无意识知觉在行为结果上的质的差异。在决定一个刺激是被有意识知觉还是无意识知觉时,刺激特性和注意之间存在着相互补偿的作用。实验一表明,当一个刺激短暂呈现而被无意识知觉的时候,增强刺激特性或提高注意水平都能使它的知觉变为有意识的;相对应地,实验二表明,一个处于分散注意条件下被无意识知觉的刺激,也可以通过使注意集中或增强刺激特性而使它的知觉变为有意识的。该研究对意识、注意和刺激特性三者间的关系进行了讨论。     

The influence of induced mood on music preference

The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of different self-centered moods on music preference without listening to music. Participants’ affective state (sad vs. happy vs. neutral) were experimentally manipulated through the mood induction procedure, and then their preferences for music were ascertained through self-reports. To understand participants’ internal motivations for their choices, we also asked them to indicate how appropriate he/she felt it would be to select the different music types as well as why they made such choices. Results suggested that participants in a sad mood were inclined to listen to sad (and slow) music, those in a happy mood preferred to listen to happy (and fast) music, and those in a neutral mood did not consistently prefer to listen to neutral music. In addition, participants were averse to sad music when they were in a happy or neutral mood; while they showed no aversion to happy music when they were in a sad mood. In conclusion, individuals select valence-consistent music when they are in an autobiographical memory-induced mood state.     

Atomic-scale study of {1 1 2} twin boundary structure in a β-Ti alloy

The atomic structure of {1?1?2} twin boundary in a specialty β-Ti alloy, gum metal, has been studied by means of conventional transmission electron microscopy, bright-field and high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging. The observations provide direct evidence that the {1?1?2} twin boundary has a complex, multiple-layer structure, which is composed of various structural units. These structural units are formed as a result of different degrees of inner atomic-column shifting. The complex structure of the {1?1?2} twin boundary is different to the atomic structure of the previously reported ω phase.