When actions speak volumes: The role of inferences about moral character in outrage over racial bigotry

Inferences about moral character may often drive outrage over symbolic acts of racial bigotry. Study 1 demonstrates a theoretically predicted dissociation between moral evaluations of an act and the person who carries out the act. Although Americans regarded the private use of a racial slur as a less blameworthy act than physical assault, use of a slur was perceived as a clearer indicator of poor moral character. Study 2 highlights the dynamic interplay between moral judgments of acts and persons, demonstrating that first making person judgments can bias subsequent act judgments. Privately defacing a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. led to greater moral condemnation of the agent than of the act itself only when the behavior was evaluated first. When Americans first made character judgments, symbolically defacing a picture of the civil rights leader was significantly more likely to be perceived as an immoral act. These studies support a person‐centered account of outrage over bigotry and demonstrate that moral evaluations of acts and persons converge and diverge under theoretically meaningful circumstances. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The influence of self-construals on the ERP response to the rewards for self and mother

Individual self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) could be temporarily modulated by the priming effect. Our previous studies have found that when Chinese participants gambled for mother and for self, outcome feedback evoked comparable neural responses between two conditions. However, it remains unclear if the response to rewards for mother and for self would differ after independence self-construal priming. In this study, we manipulated participants’ self-construal (independent vs. interdependent) before a simple gambling task. The event-related potential (ERP) results reveal that when an interdependent self-construal was primed, the participants exhibited a comparable feedback-related negativity (FRN) elicited by outcome feedback for self and for mother. In contrast, independent self-construal priming resulted in a greater FRN elicited by outcome feedback for self than for mother. Meanwhile, the P3 component was insensitive to self-construal manipulation. These findings indicate the modulation effect of self-construal priming on the response to rewards for others.     

无关言语对阅读的干扰基于内容还是过程？——来自眼动研究的证据

采用眼动追踪技术,考察无关言语对句子材料相同的自然阅读和校对阅读的影响,探讨无关言语对阅读的干扰机制是基于内容还是过程。结果发现,有意义言语显著干扰了正常的阅读行为,而无意义言语与无背景音条件不存在显著差异。并且背景言语类型与任务类型的交互作用显著,表现为言语的语义成分只干扰了自然阅读,而对校对阅读没有影响。实验结果支持过程干扰假说。     

发展“中医人类学”的必要性与意义

中医人类学不同于惯常的人类学将目光投向“异域”医疗体系与疾病文化的理解,而是借用人类学的基本理念与研究方法,同时接纳中医文化中看待、感受、体悟事物的习惯及方式,以此为基点再去看待其他医学体系的理论与方法,甚至包括所谓“主流”的西医。同时,中医人类学为现代生物医学的话语霸权、中医现代化的取向提供反思性引导;以中医视角批判生物医学的研究,为“中西之争”提供建设性话题,为中医药走出去开辟蹊径;并尝试以中医视角对其他医学体系进行研究,为传统医疗体系的发展开拓多元化道路。     

Could sex difference in color preference and its personality correlates fit into social theories? Let Chinese university students tell you

The unclear picture of the sex difference in color preference might result from personality variations. We invited 359 Chinese university students (166 men and 193 women) to undergo a color preference test and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), a five-factor model test. Depressive trends were measured by the Plutchik-van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP). There was no significant difference between men and women regarding either ZKPQ or PVP scale scores. However, men preferred blue and green significantly more, and their preference order of yellow was negatively correlated with ZKPQ Sociability. Women preferred purple, pink and white significantly more, their preference order of gray was positively correlated with Neuroticism-Anxiety, and the order of orange negatively with Aggression-Hostility. Our results suggest that, partly from a biological layout, men as hunters and women as gatherers prefer some different colors on the one hand, but from a social structural layout, they might try to adjust some personality traits by preferring other colors on the other, in order to attain a sex-equality but polychromatic world.     

情绪、性别和方案数量对危机决策的影响

本研究采用实验和问卷相结合的方法,探讨了愤怒和恐惧情绪及不同的方案数量对危机决策的影响,并分析了该效应的性别差异。研究结果表明:(1)恐惧情绪下被试的危机决策时间显著长于其在愤怒情绪下的危机决策时间,且情绪和性别变量在危机决策时间上存在显著的交互作用;(2)女性在恐惧情绪下的危机决策时间显著长于其在愤怒情绪下的危机决策时间,且显著地长于男性的危机决策时间。同时,男性对其危机决策的满意程度显著高于女性,且情绪变量和性别变量在危机决策自信程度指标上存在显著的交互作用;(3)随着方案数量的增加,尤其当方案数量为4时,被试的危机决策时间较其他两种情况显著增长。该研究结果可为各类突发性危机事件的管理与决策提供依据。     

Be mindful in love: Exploring the interpersonal effects of spouse mindfulness on employee work and family outcomes

Mindfulness has received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners, and considerable research has demonstrated the intrapersonal effects of mindfulness at work or at home. Research to date, however, has overlooked potential interpersonal effects of mindfulness across the work and family domains. Drawing on the spillover-crossover model and the mindfulness literature, we investigate the effects of spouse mindfulness at home on employee work and family outcomes. We test our model using dyadic experience-sampling data collected from 125 focal employees and their spouses over 10 consecutive workdays. The results indicated that, at the within-person level, spouse mindfulness at home was positively associated with employee authentic emotional sharing at home, which, in turn, was positively associated with employee positive effect at home but negatively associated with employee negative affect at home. The results also indicated that spouse mindfulness at home had a positive indirect effect on family satisfaction at home and work engagement during the next morning through enhancing employee authentic emotional sharing at home. We discuss the implications of these findings and directions for the mindfulness research.     

情绪对错误记忆的影响及其应用启示

与真实记忆一样,错误记忆也会受到情绪的影响,这主要表现在以下几个方面：（1）在正性心境下,个体会有更多的错误记忆;（2）个体对负性刺激更易产生错误记忆;（3）错误记忆存在着心境一致性效应。这些研究结果在临床治疗和司法鉴定等方面给了我们重要的启示：（1）避免心境一致性效应;（2）根据心境状态选择恰当的提问方式;（3）移植负性错误记忆治疗成瘾行为;（4）根据情绪体验辨别记忆的真伪。未来的研究在深入探讨情绪影响错误记忆的理论机制的同时,可以立足于两者的交互作用进行更多应用性的研究,以扩大其现实意义。     

日常情境中前瞻记忆失败事件的归因

通过调查得到个体对日常情境中前瞻记忆失败的6种归因,在此基础上,编制12个日常生活中前瞻记忆失败的情境故事,让124名大学生被试进行归因,以确定事件重要性、人际关系和过错者身份对日常情境中前瞻记忆失败归因的影响。结果表明,被试对不重要事件的前瞻记忆失败归因为“主观无意”,重要事件归因为“主观故意”;在对事件后果和过错者人品判断时具有“对己严格”和“对人宽容”的归因特点;对包含亲子关系的前瞻记忆失败者进行责任较轻的归因与后果判断,在重要事件情境中,对包含朋友关系的前瞻记忆失败者进行责任较重的归因与后果判断。     

汉语婴儿词汇学习的注意偏好

婴儿的动、名词词类学习存在跨文化差异,但是很少研究从注意偏好角度解释这类差异。本研究利用习惯化范式考察汉语婴儿在6-8个月和17-19个月时对事件中人物,动作和物体的区分。结果发现,6-8个月的婴儿仅能区分动作变化,对人物和物体无法区分,而17-19个月的婴儿对三类变化均可以区分。本研究提供了婴儿早期注意偏好发展的实验依据,同时为儿童早期单词获得提供了新的理论基础。