视觉短时存贮的空间特性

视觉短时存贮(STVS)的时间特性已得到广泛研究。本文采用G.Sperling首创的部分报告方法,对STVS的一些空间特性进行了研究。实验一研究了视觉信息的空间广度和密度对于STVS的影响。实验二研究了STVS中的参照系问题。结果表明:(一)信息广度对STVS没有影响,而信息密度的增加对STVS有负影响。(二)视网膜参照系是STVS最基本的参照系,空间参照系只在特定条件下才起作用。文中对这些结果给出了解释。     

Does Economic Development Affect Life Satisfaction? A Spatial–Temporal Contextual Analysis in China

Social context affects people’s life satisfaction because it provides a natural reference for evaluating their own socioeconomic standing. Given their reference role, social contexts operationalized by space versus time may have very different implications. Our hypothesis is that spatial variation in economic development has little impact on life satisfaction as individuals living in different locales are unlikely to experience this variation personally, but that short-term temporal changes in economic development, on the other hand, do have an impact, as individuals in a given locale experience these changes directly. These two very different implications of spatial versus temporal social contexts are tested with an analysis of repeated survey data in 60 counties of China from 2005 to 2010. The results show that life satisfaction does not vary much with regional differences in economic development but responds positively to the local level of economic development over time. That is, the contextual effects of economic development vary greatly depending on how social context is operationalized. Temporal context matters far more than regional context where individuals’ life satisfaction is concerned.     

中国女性应该尽快走出迷茫

中国是一个封建统治甚久、封建主义影响很深的国家,也是一个封建意识浓重的国度,在科学高度发达的今天,没落的封建色彩仍有广阔的市场。由于小农经济的思想意识的长期积累,业已渗透到人的个性心理和社会心理之中。所以,迷信盲从的现象有着极其深刻的历史渊源。仅就这一点而论     

“气质”人性论的理论特质——以王廷相对“生之谓性”的阐发为中心

明儒王廷相以孔子的"性相近"批判朱熹的"性善论",并且重构了"性善论"人物谱系,其背后始终贯穿着对"生之谓性"的阐发这一线索。在王廷相的"气质"人性论中,先天"气禀"所带来的"善性"与"恶性"在整个人性中所占的比重较小,重点在于后天通过"变化气质"以改变人性。变化气质存在两种情况,分别通向"善性"与"恶性",其差别在于是否研习、践行"圣人之教"。王廷相通过区分两种"知识"系统以及设定人人都有"为善之才能",为个体向善准备了理论前提。而其对人性滑向"恶性"的警惕,凸显了"圣人之教"的重要作用。     

5～16岁儿童对中国人形象的评价与喜好研究

采用个别访谈和问卷法,调查531名5—16岁中国儿童心目中的“中国人”形象以及儿童对中国人身份的喜欢程度和发展趋势。结果表明：(1)总体而言,被调查的5—16岁中国儿童对中国人持积极评价,对自己是一名中国人有积极的情感体验。(2)不同年龄的儿童对中国人形象的积极评价先上升后下降,随后有所回升,其中9—10岁儿童的评价最为积极。(3)儿童对中国人身份的喜欢程度随年龄的增长而下降。(4)对5—10岁的年幼儿童来说,对中国人的评价与喜欢成为中国人的关系不大,11—16岁的年长儿童则能更加紧密地联系两者。     

缘起与践履--浅谈佛教有关道德实践心理机制的思想

本文以佛教的缘起思想为理论背景,从道德实践的心理动力源、道德实践的目的因、道德实践判断及道德实践的客观依据等四个方面,系统地探讨了佛教有关道德实践心理机制的思想.希望能以此来促进我们对传统道德伦理思想的思考,并有所借鉴.     

化学概念心理表征的初步研究

化学概念表征是化学教育心理学的重要研究对象。化学概念是以命题、表象、产生式和图式等方式表征的。化学概念表征有表象优先性、丰富性、相关性、个体性、可变性等特点。学习者对化学概念理解的本质是形成恰当的心理表征,用“正确度”、“深度”和“速度”等概念,对化学概念的表征可作更为精致的描述。     

Gender differences in psychological morbidity,burnout, job stress and job satisfaction among Chinese neurologists: a national cross-sectional study

Women are an important part of the medical workforce, yet little is known about gender differences in psychological morbidity, burnout, job stress and job satisfaction among neurologists. This study assessed gender differences in a large national sample of Chinese neurologists. Multivariate analyses were performed to examine associations. A total of 5558 neurologists were included in the analysis. Compared with their male counterparts, female neurologists were generally younger; were less likely to be married or to have children; had higher levels of education; were in practice for a shorter period of time; were less likely to hold senior roles; and had lower incomes. Male and female neurologists worked similar hours and spent a similar number of nights on call. No gender differences were found in psychological morbidity, burnout, and high levels of job stress for female and male, respectively. Women had higher emotional exhaustion scores, while men were more likely to have low levels of job satisfaction. The multivariate analysis showed that factors independently associated with psychological morbidity, burnout, high levels of job stress and low levels of job satisfaction were generally similar for women and men. These findings increase our understanding of gender differences in psychological morbidity, burnout, job stress, and job satisfaction among neurologists. As more women join the medical profession, these differences may be useful in designing medical training and practice.     

Mechanism of isoflavone aglycone's effect on cognitive performance of senescence-accelerated mice

This study investigated the effect of isoflavone aglycone (IA) on the learning and memory performance of senescence-accelerated mice, and explored its neural protective mechanism. Results showed that SAM-P/8 senescence-accelerated mice treated with IA performed significantly better in the Y-maze cognitive test than the no treatment control (P<0.05). The cortex AchE activity, serum SOD and GSH-Px activities were notably higher (P<0.05). MDA concentration and the β-secretase activity in the hippocampal tissue were both lower (P<0.05). Additionally, the number of hippocampal neurons was increased and cell morphology was significantly improved. Data suggested that IA could indirectly increase concentration of the cholinergic neural transmitter Ach through regulation of AchE, therefore improving the central cholinergic function and enhancing the learning and memory ability. By reducing the β-secretase activity, IA could decrease the formation and deposition of insoluble Adebris, relieve the resulted toxicity and damage to neurons, and thereby effectively protect the nervous system.