语言耗损研究述评

本文概述语言耗损研究的历史与现状,包括语言耗损研究的主要内容和意义,以及目前存在的若干问题和难点。作者强调指出,语言耗损乃语言习得的伴生产物,关系极其密切．研究习得决不能忽视研究耗损。此外,由于环境因素对语言耗损有重要影响以及非同源语言对语言习得具有负面作用,研究汉语语言环境下外语耗损对中国的外语教学具有特殊的重要意义。     

东晋南朝上清经中的"兆"

本文以东晋南朝的道教上清派经典为研究对象,认为在这些文献中多用"兆"来指称修行者,如果论证成立,则是对道教修行者称谓的一个补充,也是对"兆"在宗教文献中特殊含义与用法的发掘.     

The effectiveness of positive psychology interventions in enhancing positive behaviors and family relationships in Hong Kong: A community-based participatory research project

This paper describes a program of brief, universal, positive psychology-based interventions to increase targeted behaviors that enhance family relationships, developed and delivered to over 1500 participants using a community-based participatory approach. The cluster-randomized design combined interventions based on one of three themes (gratitude, hope, or open-mindedness) in one of two structures (intervention, or intervention with planning). The latter structure supplemented with materials and exercises derived from the Health Action Process Approach model of behavior change. Planning was more effective in increasing attitude and intention to perform behaviors, frequency of the targeted behaviors, and family health and happiness (Cohen’s ds: 0.10–0.16, p < 0.05), particularly in the theme targeting open-mindedness. Qualitative data supported effectiveness. This project was a first effort to develop a large-scale preventive psychological intervention in an understudied culture with the goal of maximizing acceptability and utilization by involving community stakeholders in every stage of the design.     

Maternal Depression and Children’s Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Development at First Grade: The Moderating Role of Classroom Emotional Climate

This study examined whether a warm and positive classroom emotional climate would buffer the detrimental effects of maternal depression on children’s cognitive and socioemotional adjustment at first grade. Based on 1364 dyads, four waves of data spanning 6 months to first grade were used to examine paths between mothers’ early cumulative depressive symptoms and five first-grade outcomes (internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, social competence, academic functioning, and relationship with teachers). Classroom emotional climate was observed at first grade. Multiple group modeling revealed that children who were placed in a classroom that was characterized by a warm and positive emotional climate were shown to be less severely, or not, affected by mothers’ depressive symptoms in terms of the development of externalizing problems, social skills, cognitive performance, and relational functioning. Guided by the bioecological perspective, the current study showed synergic effects of intra-familial and extra-familial elements on an array of children’s developmental outcomes over time.     

大学生对艾滋病患者的责任归因及惩戒行为反应

本研究通过被试对特定情景的反应借助于结构方程模型来确定对艾滋病患者的部位和控制性归因、责任判断、情感以及惩戒行为之间的数量化关系。309名大学生被试参与了该项研究,研究结果表明：对艾滋病的内部可控归因引起较高责任推断,较高生气类情感反应和较低同情类情感反应,以及较高惩戒行为;部位和控制性归因影响到责任判断和情感反应,责任推断除了直接影响到惩戒行为反应外,还间接地以情感反应为中介对惩戒为发挥作用。论文还结合中国文化的特点对结果进行了讨论。     

道典中一段札文的两个语词解读

对道典中某些语词含义的正确认识不仅有助于汉语词汇学的研究,也对完整理解道教文化的特质会有好处.本文从上清经中的一段札文入手,结合传统的训释材料,对道典中"王甲"与"子"这两个词的含义作了探讨.     

本色化运动中的中华基督教文社

中华基督教文社是本色化运动的产物,它于1924年在上海成立,至1930年解散,仅存在七年,但它在中国基督教本色化运动史上留下了重要印迹.它不仅是中国基督教文字事工本色化最为积极、立论最多的一个团体,也是中国基督教徒对高涨的民族主义的一个反应①.本文论述其发展历史及其重要作用.     

神圣与凡俗:二分法建构的宗教生活——涂尔干《宗教生活的基本形式》的宗教起源研究

本文认为涂尔干的<宗教生活的基本形式>及其宗教学研究将宗教生活建构于神圣与凡俗、个人与社会等二分法之中,并在其中试图追溯宗教的起源.这种主题和研究方法所导向的最终研究结果虽然不太完善,但是在解答宗教起源问题上的尝试,从另一个方面规范着人类学的发展方向,拓宽了人类学的研究视野,丰富了人类学的研究方法,不但对其后的发展影响深远,而且也逾越了单一的学科领域,与整个西方文化尤其是社会科学的发展有着诸多的牵连.     

有性Penna模型:进化心理学的新工具

进化心理学家以进化论为基础,使用了许多不同的方法来研究人类的心灵。这些方法都有共同的缺陷,即无法直接对提出的假设进行验证,对复杂的系统进行研究难度很大,计算机模拟的方法可在一定程度上修补该问题。有性Penna模型能反映有性生殖种群的进化特点,能反映环境对生物进化的影响,通过该模型来模拟人类进化历程,则可以检验某一心理机制是否是适应的,它是研究生物进化的有力工具。本文在综述已有研究成果的基础上提出用有性Penna模型对进化心理学关于进化轨迹的假设进行验证的构想,并在此基础之上提出了用该模型进行研究的基本框架。