《华西教会新闻》研究综述

<华西教会新闻>(West China Missionary News)是华西各差会联合出版的英文月刊.于1899年2月在重庆创刊,至1943年底停刊,时间跨度达45年之久.华西教会许多重要文件和信息都由该刊刊行.作为近代华西第一份外国人创办的英文刊物,该刊保存了大量四川、云南、贵州以及西藏的传教信息和社会信息.近年来,该刊已经引起不少海内外学者的注意和利用.本文重点论述该刊的研究,并讨论进一步深入研究的思路,尽可能为有兴趣的学者提供有价值的信息.     

Skipping of Chinese characters does not rely on word-based processing

Previous eye-movement studies have indicated that people tend to skip extremely high-frequency words in sentence reading, such as “the” in English and “的/de” in Chinese. Two alternative hypotheses have been proposed to explain how this frequent skipping happens in Chinese reading: one assumes that skipping happens when the preview has been fully identified at the word level (word-based skipping); the other assumes that skipping happens whenever the preview character is easy to identify regardless of whether lexical processing has been completed or not (character-based skipping). Using the gaze-contingent display change paradigm, we examined the two hypotheses by substituting the preview of the third character of a four-character Chinese word with the high-frequency Chinese character “的/de”, which should disrupt the ongoing word-level processing. The character-based skipping hypothesis predicts that this manipulation will enhance the skipping probability of the target character (i.e., the third character of the target word), because the character “的/de” has much higher character frequency than the original character. The word-based skipping hypothesis instead predicts a reduction of the skipping probability of the target character because the presence of the character “的/de” is lexically infelicitous at word level. The results supported the character-based skipping hypothesis, indicating that in Chinese reading the decision of skipping a character can be made before integrating it into a word.

     

Parent–Child Conflict Profiles in Chinese American Immigrant Families: Links to Sociocultural Factors and School‐Age Children's Psychological Adjustment

Research suggests that parent–child conflict is a salient family process in Asian immigrant families and often a stressful experience for Asian American youth due to value discrepancies between Asian and Western cultures. The present study examined ratings of parent–child conflict across conflict topics from parents' and children's perspectives in a sample of Chinese American immigrant families with school‐age children (N = 239; age = 7.5–11 years). Latent profile analyses identified three parent‐rated conflict profiles and four child‐rated conflict profiles. Parent and child conflict profiles were unrelated to each other and differentially related to family sociocultural factors and children's psychological adjustment. Parents' moderate conflict profile scored highest on parent‐rated child behavior problems and had the highest household density and lower parent Chinese orientation. Children's moderate‐specific and high conflict profiles scored higher on child‐reported behavior problems than the low conflict profile. These results highlight the need to assess family conflict from both parents' and children's perspectives and target parent–child conflict communication as a pathway to prevent or reduce behavioral problems in Chinese American children of immigrant families.     

Exploring the Effect of Perceived Teacher Support on Multiple Creativity Tasks: Based on the Expectancy–Value Model of Achievement Motivation

The present study explores the effect of perceived teacher support on three forms of thinking related to creativity. Tests of convergent thinking (by means of the Remote Associates Test), insight thinking (explored through a brain‐teaser test), and divergent thinking (by means of a verbal creativity test) were given to 512 middle school students in China, along with assessments of their perceived teacher support and creative self‐efficacy. The results of this study indicate that perceived teacher support positively predicts convergent thinking and insight thinking, with creative self‐efficacy playing a partial mediating role between perceived teacher support and convergent thinking. However, no significant relationships were found between perceived teacher support and divergent thinking. The findings partly lend support to the expectancy–value model of achievement motivation that teacher’s behavior influences student performance through self‐belief pathway.     

What the progressive aspect tells us about processes

Numerous authors have attempted to carve an ontological distinction between events and processes on the basis of a widely noted linguistic datum involving count and mass nouns, where events are thought to be analogous to countable objects while processes to non-countable stuff. By assessing the most developed of these proposals—that of Helen Steward’s—this paper locates the motivations behind the project of carving some such distinction between events and processes, and proceeds to offer considerations toward an alternative account of processes—one whose ontology is more akin to that of states than it is to stuff.

     

虚拟健康社区医生贡献行为的形成机制

虚拟健康社区医生贡献行为(Doctor Contribution Behavior in Virtual Health Communities, V-DCB)在社会福祉创造中发挥着重要作用。从价值共创理论视角, 结合群体卷入模型和积极心理学研究, 提出在线服务交往中医生贡献行为前因后果的理论模型。首先从资源投入视角对V-DCB的概念和内涵进行分析, 并探讨测量工具的维度。接着分析社会交换和社会认同双重动机下的V-DCB行为卷入过程, 以及服务生态系统资源补充的激励作用。最后探讨V-DCB对医患双方幸福感共创的影响, 以及资源匹配因素对行为者幸福感产生的调节效应。     

A qualitative exploration of alcohol use among student sportspeople: A social identity perspective

Research indicates that university student sportspeople are a high‐risk subgroup for hazardous alcohol consumption. Adopting a social identity perspective, we explored the social and psychological processes linking sports participation and alcohol use. Twenty‐two individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with UK student sportspeople (male: 12; female: 10). A deductive thematic analysis identified three core themes: social identification and sports group membership, identity processes in (alcohol) behaviours and sport context‐specific significance of alcohol. Results suggest that the consumptive practices among student sportspeople were strategic activities underpinned by social identity processes, and which served to provide a positive sports experience at the group level. Our findings highlight the interactions between the sport environment, the social structure of sport participation and the multipurpose function of alcohol in this context. We discuss the implications of these results in support of a social identity approach to sport‐related drinking.     

Interfacial precipitation of the M5B3-type boride in Ni-based superalloys

Microstructural characteristics of an experimental Ni-based superalloy with boron addition subjected to a long-term ageing treatment were systematically investigated by various kinds of transmission electron microscopy technique. Based on detailed electron diffraction analyses, we found that there are many nanosized M₅B₃ precipitates in our long-term ageing alloys, which keeps a good orientation relationship with the γ/γ′ matrix. Furthermore, the precipitation characteristics of M₅B₃ phase were clarified. It is found that the M₅B₃-type boride prefers to precipitate at the γ/γ′ interfaces and low-angle grain boundaries. These interfacial nanosized precipitates can play the role of pinning effect and are expected to be advantageous for postponing the γ′ rafting and low-angle grain boundary migration to some extent at high temperature.