竖持实践 乐于奉献——访刘嘉麒院士

刘嘉麒,中国科学院院士、火山地质与第四纪地质学家.1965年毕业于长春地质学院,1 986年获得中国科技大学研究生院理学博士,曾任中国科学院地质研究所所长,中国第四纪科学研究会理事长;现为中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员,中国科普作家协会理事长.     

生命之灯

贫道回到故乡,在一个漆黑的夜晚,来到一个荒僻的村落中,在羊肠小径,村民们默默的来来往往着。正想离开此地,看见远处有一点微弱的灯亮移动过来。这时身旁的一个人说:“瞎子过来了。”贫道百思不得其解。一个双目失明的盲人,他没有一丝白天与黑夜的概念,他看不到庄严的神像,看不     

目标数量与运动框架旋转角度对不同场认知风格个体多目标追踪表现的影响

通过改变目标数量、运动框架突变旋转角度探究不同场认知风格被试在多目标追踪任务中的表现。结果发现：(1)在任务难度较低(运动参考框架稳定, 目标数量为3和4)和任务难度中等(运动参考框架突变向右旋转20°, 目标数量为4)条件下, 场独立型被试的多目标追踪表现均显著好于场依存型被试。在任务难度较高(运动框架稳定, 目标数量为5以及运动参考框架突变向右旋转40°, 目标数量为4)条件下, 两组被试差异不显著。表明不同场认知风格被试追踪表现受任务难度影响; (2)随着目标数量由3至5增多, 追踪负荷增大使被试的追踪成绩显著下降; (3)相比运动框架稳定, 运动框架向右突变旋转20°和40°均显著削弱了被试的追踪表现。旋转角度变化破坏了场景连续性, 影响了追踪表现。     

Approximated adjusted fractional Bayes factors: A general method for testing informative hypotheses

Informative hypotheses are increasingly being used in psychological sciences because they adequately capture researchers’ theories and expectations. In the Bayesian framework, the evaluation of informative hypotheses often makes use of default Bayes factors such as the fractional Bayes factor. This paper approximates and adjusts the fractional Bayes factor such that it can be used to evaluate informative hypotheses in general statistical models. In the fractional Bayes factor a fraction parameter must be specified which controls the amount of information in the data used for specifying an implicit prior. The remaining fraction is used for testing the informative hypotheses. We discuss different choices of this parameter and present a scheme for setting it. Furthermore, a software package is described which computes the approximated adjusted fractional Bayes factor. Using this software package, psychological researchers can evaluate informative hypotheses by means of Bayes factors in an easy manner. Two empirical examples are used to illustrate the procedure.     

返本开新:潘菽心理学思想的历史贡献

作为我国理论心理学研究的先行者,潘菽有关心理学基本问题的论断时至今日仍具有重要的参考借鉴价值。本文从心理学学科性质的界定、心理学的实践性特征分析以及“有中国特色”心理学体系的建构三个方面,对潘菽心理学思想的内涵及其历史贡献加以阐述,以期对当代心理学的发展有所启示。     

刘渊然与赣南客家道教

一、道教在赣南客家地域的发生和传播道教早在西晋时就已传入赣南。赣南客家祖先来自于中原。晋代“衣冠南渡”后,道教也被带到了赣南客家地域。客家原属楚地,受老庄思想的浸润濡染较深,加之东越后裔亦本信巫卜,因而两相契合,道教很快便在客地传播开来。西晋时,五斗米道在赣南一带活动。据《赣州府志》和《兴国县志》载:太康元年(280),道教名师葛洪就在兴国县城西外建造了治平观,并在此炼丹,“葛洪过兴国,在治平观,凿药池,并有诗”。治平观,在兴国县城西郊尧山堂。旧有吹箫台。前有井,号葛翁井。旧治平观有联云:“凡炉芒属存疑信,碧?寒泉自…     

文本表征中情境模型空间维度更新研究述评

情境模型空问维度更新是文本阅读研究的重要内容．当前研究集中在更新的条件及其影响因素两个方面。该文对空间维度更新研究巾的研究角度、研究范式和研究结果的特点进行了总结，在此基础上着重介绍了关于空间信息加工的实时更新与条件更新的两种不同的观点及其争议，并对其进行了简要评价。     

Four semantic layers of common nouns

This article proposes a four-layer semantic structure for common nouns. Each layer matches up with a semantic entity of a certain type in Montague’s intensional semantics. It is argued that a common noun denotes a sense and a concept, which are functions. For any given context, the sense of a term determines its extensions and the concept denoted by the term specifies its intensions. Intensions are treated as sets of senses. The membership relation between a sense and an intension is a soft kind and is expressed in the form of a generic sentence. Such a layered structure explains various “degrees of publicity” of a language. The result we present clarifies the confusions existing in the ordinary understanding of “sense,” “intension,” and “concept.” It also has promising applications in interpreting metaphors and revealing the relationship between generics and metaphors.     

Home literacy experiences and literacy acquisition among children in Guangzhou, south China

Sénéchal's research in the West with English- and French-speaking children included positive relations of the development of literacy skills with home literacy experiences. There is a need to extend this research to other countries, especially in China where few studies have been done. This study examined relations of parental reports of formal and informal home literacy variables with Chinese children's vocabulary and written language development. Consistent with previous studies in the West, informal home literacy experiences were associated with Chinese children's vocabulary knowledge, and formal literacy experiences with reading skills. These findings fit previous research which distinguishes formal and informal literacy experiences in relation to children's performance on reading and language skills, and indicates reading to children is less effective for acquisition of print-specific skills.     

急症产科子宫切除术知情同意的分析

为保留产妇的生命权而牺牲其生育权的子宫切除术,仍是控制产科出血的最后手段。产科急症时,患者本人无法做出意思表示,子宫切除术的知情同意权由其法定代理人行使。子宫切除围术期,实施知情同意,仍存在许多法律盲点及实践困难。本文阐述了产科子宫切除术告知的法律义务、行为主体,以及告知患者子宫切除的方式。