词频对列表法定向遗忘的影响

词频是否影响列表法定向遗忘一直是记忆心理学研究的热点.本研究引入词频(高频词、低频词)变量,通过操作指示符(记住、遗忘)来考察内隐记忆测验中列表法定向遗忘效应,结果显示:(1)在低频词语中,内隐记忆测验出现了显著的列表法定向遗忘效应;(2)而在高频词语上,内隐记忆测验中却未出现列表法定向遗忘效应;(2)列表法定向遗忘影响内隐记忆测验的机制应该是提取抑制.     

音乐与语言的认知神经科学研究进展

回顾了近年来对音乐与语言的认知神经科学的研究结果.神经影像学研究表明音乐与语言可能拥有一些共同的神经机制;而对脑损伤病人的研究则表明两者可能同时拥有分离的、各自独立的神经基础.文章对这两类研究做了总结和比较,探讨了相关的理论模型,并对今后的研究趋势作出了展望.     

萨奎斯特逻辑的格

以萨奎斯特公式为额外公理添加到极小正规逻辑K上得到的逻辑都是完全的。这样得到的逻辑被称为萨奎斯特逻辑。所有的萨奎斯特逻辑组成了一个格。这个格中有可数无穷长的链以及可数无穷长的反链,格中的每个逻辑相对于格的不完全度是1。另外,萨奎斯特逻辑格的子格E具有规整的结构。     

记忆的生存假设

以进化理论为理论基础,通过分析不同情境下的记忆效果,探讨了生命有机体记忆机能性信息的机制。124名大学生分别参与3个实验,实验材料为无关联的词汇。实验1和实验2分别采用组间实验设计与组内实验设计。实验1和实验2的研究结果都显示记忆具有求生评价优势,评价生存有关的信息可以提高记忆效果。实验3通过混合实验设计再次验证了记忆的求生评价优势。实验3也发现不同实验材料的评价时间能够影响记忆的评价优势,因此,求生评价的记忆优势可能与认知加工程度有关。     

语词分析下结构式写作在应对负性生活事件中的作用

对以结构式写作处理负性生活事件的90份写作文本进行语词分析,以语词分析类别中心理历程四个维度的语词数为自变量,以被试写作后SF-36量表总分、社会功能、躯体功能和情感职能得分为因变量进行的回归分析表明,对写作文本的认知历程对被试总体身心健康、社会功能和躯体功能状况均有正向作用,社会历程对躯体功能状况呈负向作用．感知历程中的特征因素对被试情绪职能呈负向作用。研究证实了书面叙述对负性生活事件的积极处理效应,并对认知与社会互动因素的作用机制进行了初步探索。     

丧失、创伤及人类复原力

通过文献回顾,探讨丧失、创伤及人类复原力问题,以期促进人们对复原力的理解并为灾难创伤后民众的心理复原提供一些理论根据.研究发现,复原揭示的轨迹不同于恢复过程,面对丧失或潜在创伤时复原力比通常人们想象的更普遍,并且是通过各种不同途径来实现的.     

Relationship between Chinese children's imaginary companions and their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions

We investigated relationship between Chinese children's imaginary companions (ICs) and their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions in 180 children, aged 5–6 years old. We examined the potential differences in second-order false belief understanding and emotion understanding between children with and without ICs, children with egalitarian IC relationships and hierarchical IC relationships, as well as children with invisible friends and personified objects. The results revealed that children with ICs had better second-order false belief understanding and emotion understanding than children without ICs. Compared with children with hierarchical relationships, children with egalitarian relationships had better second-order false belief understanding. However, children with invisible friends and personified objects did not differ on their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions. The results suggest that compared with IC types, IC status and child-IC relationship qualities may be more relevant to children's theory of mind. It will be interesting for the future researchers to investigate the underlying mechanism of the differences between children with egalitarian IC relationships and hierarchical IC relationships.     

State and Trait Anger Predicting Creative Process Engagement—The Role of Emotion Regulation

Drawing on the specific emotion approach, and based on the emotional regulation theory and cognitive and activation perspectives on emotions, this study examined the differentiated impact of state and trait anger on creative process engagement (CPE) and the moderating influences of emotion reappraisal and suppression. Data were obtained from daily surveys (N = 422) of 98 employees from three consultancy companies. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis revealed that trait anger has a stronger impact on CPE than state anger does. Furthermore, the relationship between state anger and CPE is stronger when emotion reappraisal is lower, rather than higher, and the relationship between trait anger and CPE is also stronger when emotion suppression is lower, rather than higher.     

英汉双语者二语口语产生中音韵编码过程的同化机制

本研究运用事件相关电位技术, 结合时空微态分割分析法, 考察英汉双语者二语口语产生过程中音韵编码过程的同化与顺应机制。研究中采用图词干扰即时命名任务, 比较英汉双语者的汉语产生过程中音韵编码的加工单元与汉语母语者的汉语产生过程还是与英语母语者的英语产生过程的特点类似。反应时结果发现汉汉组、英汉组与英英组都出现显著的音节效应。事件相关电位的结果发现英汉双语者的汉语产生过程中出现了音素效应, 与其英语产生过程的特点类似, 音素效应在英语和汉语的产生过程中都出现在图画呈现后的200~250 ms之间, 而汉语母语者的汉语产生过程中仅发现了音节效应, 出现在250~300 ms之间。时空微态分割分析发现英汉双语者在汉语产生的音韵编码过程与英语母语者在英语产生过程所对应的脑电微态成分相同, 仅在持续时间上存在显著差异; 其微态成分不同于汉语母语者的汉语产生过程。上述结果表明英汉双语者汉语产生的音韵编码过程与英语作为母语时的产生过程相似, 而与汉语作为母语时的产生过程不同。英汉双语者的汉语产生过程采用了母语同化机制。     

Helping Yourself before Helping Others: How Sense of Control Promotes Charitable Behaviors

This research elucidates the conditions under which distress appeals can evoke the instinct to help without turning recipients away from uncomfortable situations. Five experiments demonstrated with behavioral evidence that evoking a sense of control by irrelevant causes prior to appeal exposure can increase the likelihood of registering as a volunteer (Studies 1 and 3) and the tendency to donate (Studies 2, 4, and 5) in a subsequent unrelated situation. The authors found that this effect was not evident in the absence of distress and for participants with enhanced distress tolerance. The results further showed that enhanced control increased distress tolerance, which mediated the observed effect on charitable acts but had no impact on self‐efficacy in contributing as a helper. The findings have both theoretical and managerial implications for promoting charitable behaviors.