试论早期上清经的传抄及其整理

东晋中叶至隋前上清派所尊奉的上清经,经过国内外学者多方考订,时代总体明确可靠,是我们研究早期道教及魏晋六朝社会的重要经籍。然而,由于这些经文在流布中,辗转传抄,鲁鱼亥豕,讹误较多,在一定程度上影响了其价值的发挥。在将经文制成可靠的电子语料时,我们对经文间的相互征引和讹误情况有了较为具体的认识,就早期道教典籍整理的重要性、繁重程度及整理方法有了一些看法,姑草成此文以就教于学界。     

Formation, consolidation, and diversification of the ethnic elite: The case of the Chinese immigrant community in the United States

The Chinese immigrant community in the United States has gone through several historically significant periods: unrestricted immigration, Chinese exclusion, immigration on restricted quotas, and immigration on equal basis. Each historical period marks a unique pattern of immigrant adaptation and community development, which influences the formation, consolidation, and diversification of the elite. The aim of this article is to illuminate these processes within the greater Chinese immigrant community in the US. Members of the old elite are powerful to the extent that they are not assimilated; yet they remain powerless in the larger society because of their lack of participation. Members of the new elite groups, in contrast, achieve power by integrating themselves economically and socially into the larger society; yet their very integration, often at the expense of ethnic cohesiveness, subjects them to allegation of inferiority from the ethnic hierarchy. Thus they are powerless because they are too assimilated.     

小学儿童社交焦虑与孤独感研究

本研究采用经修订的量表对大城市三所普通小学的569名小学生测查了与社会交往有关的情绪,结果表明：男生的孤独感显著地高于女生。被拒绝儿童的孤独感最高,其次是被忽视儿童。二年级和六年级儿童的社交焦虑显著高于四年级儿童;被拒绝儿童的社交焦虑水平显著高于其他儿童。     

不同阅读水平儿童的汉字字形输出与再认

实验采用与和选择任务,对比研究了不同阅读水平儿童在汉字字形输出和再认过程中的共同点和差异。结果发现：汉字声旁的规则必影响所有阅读水平儿童听写和听选择的正确和率错误率;阅读水平低的儿童阅读水平高的儿童产生更多的同音替代;与阅读水平高的儿童相比,阅读水平低的儿童更加需要线性的帮助。文章从心理词典结构和字词加工的角度探讨了这种差异的理论含义。     

解决标准集未知题的易错性成因

解决标准集未知题容易出错,目前人们主要从关系换位和关键词策略两个角度予以解释。该研究提出概念驱动假设并用4个实验加以检验。主要实验结果如下：学生编写出的问题主要是比较集未知题;解决标准集未知题和比较集未知题的两种先后顺序产生了不尽相同的干扰模式;数据加工水平影响概念驱动作用。在文章最后讨论了该研究对教学工作的含义。     

时间隐喻表征的跨文化研究

通过广泛收集语料,用内容分析和因素分析方法探析了中英时间隐喻表征的概念结构,获得了时间隐喻概念的11个构成维度,证实了时间隐喻表征有着系统的内部结构的假想,并发现中英两种文化在时间隐喻概念结构上非常相似.     

Phonology in the Lexical Processing of Chinese: Priming Tone Neighbors

Using both visual-visual and auditory-visual priming lexical decision tasks, this study investigated phonological processing in reading logographic Chinese. Compound words sharing segmental templates but differing in lexical tones were used as primes and targets while their relative frequency was manipulated. It was found that tone neighbours did not prime each other significantly and the SOA of 100 msec in visual-visual priming. When the SOA was increased to 357 msec, or when primes were presented auditorily, the processing of target words was significantly delayed by their tone neighbours. Larger inhibitory effects were observed for low frequency targets with high frequency primes. It was argued that although phonological information is automatically activated and this activation affects access to semantics in reading Chinese,phonological mediation is not the only or the main ~urce of constraints on semantic activation.     

管志道《大学》改本研究

阳明后学管志道的《大学》改本,是研究晚明儒学思想的重要文献.管氏改本的产生,既有朱子学派与阳明学派思想交锋这一内在因素的影响,又有晚明社会风气求新求变这一外在因素的推动.管氏改本深受丰坊伪《石经大学》影响,但其自身又具有鲜明的结构特点.就义理层面而言,管氏理解的"大学之道"、"造士之法"与朱熹迥异;管氏改本第二章居于核...     

The Effects of Extrinsic Motivation on Scientific and Artistic Creativity among Middle School Students

The present study tested the effects of extrinsic motivation on scientific and artistic creativity among Chinese middle school students. In Study 1, a between-groups design was applied to examine the effects of expected rewards on scientific and artistic creativity among 123 students, and in Study 2 the same design was applied to examine the effects of expected evaluation from different raters on scientific and artistic creativity among 120 students. We also considered the effects of grade and gender in both studies. The results of Study 1 indicated that expected material reward had significant negative effects on scientific creativity for 7th graders, while expected social reward had significant positive effects on scientific creativity for 8th graders, and both expected material and social rewards had significant positive effects on artistic creativity. The results of Study 2 indicated that expected evaluation from teachers and classmates had significant negative effects on scientific creativity and significant positive effects on artistic creativity. These results suggest that there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the effects of extrinsic motivation and creativity, Factors such as culture, type of extrinsic motivation, grade, and domains of creativity must be fully considered when cultivating adolescents’ creativity.     

句法结构和动词重复对汉语句子口语产生中句法启动效应的影响

研究中采用启动范式和图片描述任务, 利用句法选择比率和句子产生潜伏期的两个指标, 考察了启动句句法结构、动词是否相同和延时对汉语口语句子产生中句法启动效应的影响。结果发现在选择比率上, 句法结构产生的启动效应随延时变化保持稳定, 由启动句和目标句动词相同导致的启动效应的提高量(词汇增强效应)快速衰退, 首次为句子产生过程的句法选择阶段和计划阶段提供了证据。在句子产生潜伏期上, 仅发现启动句和目标句句法结构相同时缩短了句子产生潜伏期, 这可能是由于启动句句法结构激活水平的提高, 使得说话者在目标句产生的句法计划和选择阶段都更快引起的。选择阶段的加工影响句法选择比率, 而选择阶段和计划阶段共同影响了句子产生的潜伏期, 实验结果支持了两阶段竞争理论的观点。