汉语音-形通达过程的同音字家族数效应和语义透明度效应

采用即时的跨通道匹配任务,研究语音通达字形过程中汉语同音字多少的影响以及语义在其中的作用.在三个lSI点均发现同音字家族数效应和语义透明度效应,同音字家族数效应在各个时间点稳定,而语义透明度效应随时间点的推后变小;还发现同音字家族数、语义透明度和ISl的交互作用.     

移情的心理机制及其影响因素概述

移情是心理学的重要研究领域之一.文章从发展心理学有关移情的研究人手,对移情的定义、所涉及的心理机制和影响因素进行了梳理.并概述了发展心理学在该领域研究的主要研究成果和最新的研究动态.     

Purple sweet potato color repairs d-galactose-induced spatial learning and memory impairment by regulating the expression of synaptic proteins

Purple sweet potato color (PSPC), a class of naturally occurring anthocyanins used to color food (E163), has been reported to possess a variety of biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory. The effect of PSPC on the spatial learning and memory of mice treated with d-galactose (d-gal) was evaluated by the Morris water maze; d-gal-treated mice had decreased performance compared with mice in the vehicle and PSPC groups, while the PSPC + d-gal group showed significantly shortened escape latency to platform, increased swimming speed, more target quadrant search time and more platform crossings as compared with the d-gal group. Brain functions, such as memory formation and recovery of function after injury, depend on proper regulation of the expression levels of the pre- and post-synaptic proteins. We investigated the expression of four pre-synaptic proteins (growth-associated protein-43, synapsin-I, synaptophysin, and synaptotagmin) and two post-synaptic proteins (post-synaptic density protein-95 and Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, respectively, in response to different treatments. Western blotting analysis showed that there were significant decreases in the expression of these representative synaptic proteins in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of d-gal-treated mice. Interestingly, these decreased expression levels of synaptic proteins could be reversed by PSPC. The levels of expression of these representative synaptic proteins in mice treated with PSPC alone were not significantly different from those in untreated mice. The results of this study suggested that memory impairment and synaptic protein loss in d-gal-treated mice may be improved by treatment with PSPC.     

高职生职业心理与职业心理教育的关系研究

将心理健康教育课程等同或替代高职院校的职业心理教育,这是普遍存在的误区.职业化专门人才的培养,职业人的职业心理素质直接影响着职业化水平和职业教育质量.为了规范高职院校的职业心理教育,文章从学生和学校两个维度的职业心理要素调查切入,对如何推进和完善高职院校职业心理教育作了分析和研究.     

隐喻识别心理过程的无差别性及意义

本文从计算角度探讨隐喻识别问题.首先模拟人类隐喻思维过程构建了"识别、分析、释义"三阶段隐喻机器理解模式,并提出了隐喻识别心理过程的无差别性假设,即不同隐喻句皆通过句内成分之间指称或搭配之异常来触发人们的辨识.该假设直观地体现为人们在识别不同隐喻句时,反应时无明显差异,而在解释隐喻含义时,反应时则表现出明显差异.该假设得到了反应时对比实验结果的支持.隐喻识别心理过程的无差别性为隐喻计算提供了一种新的解决思路和方法.     

条件推理中无效推断被抑制的ERP研究

采用ERP技术探讨提供替代条件时,无效推断(AC、DA)被抑制的神经机制.实验结果表明:在200～800ms,AC和DA比基线任务的波形有一个更加负性的偏移,差异波和地形圈分析表明,在200-300ms,AC、DA在头皮前部的额、额中央、中央顶有明显的N250;在300～800ms,AC和DA在头皮后部中央叶、中央顶、顶叶诱发更加明显的晚负成分.从时间进程看,AC、DA推断过程表现为从头皮前部额叶皮层到头皮后部的顶叶皮层的动态变化,这一结果支持了演绎推理的三阶段模型理论.     

Longitudinal analysis of leisure-item preferences.

Twenty‐two individuals with developmental disabilities participated in two leisure‐item preference assessments, spaced approximately 16 months apart. Results showed (a) an overall increase in item contact across assessments for 13 participants and (b) at least some overlap across assessments in the five most highly ranked items for every participant. These results highlight individual differences in the stability of preference over time and suggest the need for research to identify the determinants of temporal shifts in preference.     

不同理解能力的个体在词汇加工中的抑制机制

该研究根据多媒语言理解测试,筛选出汉语综合语言理解能力高、低不同的两组被试,通过两个实验,以自控速移动窗口阅读与选择性再认相结合的实验范式,考察了两组被试在理解加工汉语双字词的过程中抑制外在干扰信息的能力。结果表明：(1)干扰材料的性质影响抑制机制的效率;(2)语言理解能力不同的个体在抑制机制上存在差异;(3)在干扰强度不同的条件下,自控速对低理解能力者抑制机制的改善作用也不同。     

指代者对其先行词可提取性的影响

三个实验,考察了在理解含有指代法表述的句子过程中,指代者对其先行词(即所指者)的可提取性的影响及其与先述参与者可提取性上的优势之间的关系。结果表明：(1)指代者对所指者的激活有促进作用,对非所指者有一定的抑制作用,从而提高了所指者的可提取性;(2)指代者对所指者和非所指者的这种作用有一定的时间进程;(3)指代者对所指者产生作用的时间进程随指代法表述的特性而变化;(4)句子先述参与者在可提取性上的优势是一种较普遍的认知现象。它与指代法表述中所指者的易提取性现象是一种动态的关系,指代法表述或者增强先述参与者可提取性的优势,或者会消除这种优势。     

时间隐喻的语义层次网络模型研究

本研究采用启动技术考查了上级时间隐喻对下级时间隐喻的启动效应。结果发现不管是在反应时还是在意义相关程度的评定上。时间根概念隐喻的启动效应明显次于基本概念隐喻的启动效应。而基本概念隐喻的启动效应又明显低于派生隐喻的启动效应。这验证了时间隐喻的语义层次网络模型。