Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Moderated Mediation Model

Low family socioeconomic status (SES) is linked with adolescents’ symptoms of depression, but little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association. Based on ecosystem theory and the organism-environment interaction model, we tested whether emotional resilience mediated the relationship between family SES and depressive symptoms, and whether parent–child relationship quality moderated the relationship. Adolescents (N?=?724) from one middle school in central China completed self-reported questionnaires regarding demographic variables, family SES, emotional resilience, parent–child relationship quality, and depressive symptoms. Regression-based mediation analysis indicated that emotional resilience mediated the association between family SES and depressive symptoms. Parent–child relationship quality moderated two components of this mediation process, namely the effects of low SES on both emotional resilience and depressive symptoms. In both cases, a high quality parent–child relationship ameliorated the adverse effects of low family SES. That is, adolescents with a higher quality relationship with their parent appeared to be less affected by low family SES. The study reveals how and when family SES may affect adolescents’ depressive symptoms, and highlights the protective effect of a high quality parent–child relationship in a low SES environment.

     

“Sasaengpaen” or K-pop Fan? Singapore Youths,Authentic Identities,and Asian Media Fandom

Since the late 1990s, the Korean pop-culture wave has had a huge impact, achieving immense popularity and sustaining a global community of consumers and fans. In Singapore, a significant K-pop fan culture has emerged among youths. In this article, we study the emergence of the sasaeng fan—a stigmatized fan identity that refers to individuals who are unhealthily interested in the personal lives of K-pop idols. Drawing on data from mass and social media, participant-observation, and interviews, we map the significance of the sasaeng fan identity for Singapore K-pop music fans and focus specific attention on how fans negotiate an understanding of their own “authentic” identities vis-à-vis the mediated identity of the sasaeng fan.     

Emotional Intelligence and Career Decision‐Making Self‐Efficacy: Mediating Roles of Goal Commitment and Professional Commitment

This study is the first to examine the mechanism of the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and career decision‐making self‐efficacy (CDMSE) and the moderating role of gender in relevant mechanisms. Analyses of 185 Chinese university students showed that EI could influence CDMSE through goal commitment (GC) and professional commitment, and male students exhibited a stronger relationship between EI and GC compared with female students. This study introduces a new perspective for career development research by establishing a mediation‐based emotion–career framework and provides deeper insights for career counselors to assist clients in career decision processes.     

Hope and General Self-efficacy: Two Measures of the Same Construct?

The aim of this study was to test the extent to which hope measure is equivalent to general self-efficacy measure. Questionnaire data on these two constructs and other external variables were collected from 199 Chinese college students. The factor analytic results suggested that hope and self-efficacy items measured the same construct. The unidimensional model combining hope items and GSE items fit the data as well as the bidimensional model, indicating that their corresponding items measured the same underlying construct. Further analyses showed that hope and GSE did not correlate with external variables differently in a systematic manner. Most of these correlational differences were non-significant and negligible. These findings suggested that the literatures studying GSE and hope could be considered to be integrated and that researchers need to recognize and acknowledge the conceptual and operational similarities among these constructs in the literature.     

Positive and Negative Affect in Loss Aversion: Additive or Subtractive Logic?

Previous studies explain loss aversion as the result of a situation in which the expected negative emotions derived from a potential loss exceed the expected positive emotions derived from a potential gain (subtractive logic). We questioned this view and proposed additive logic, in which a linear combination between negative and positive emotions can be used as summed anticipatory affect intensity (SAAI) to explain loss aversion. By disproving two implicit hypotheses of subtractive logic, Study 1 showed that the additive logic of expected positive and negative affect was more effective than the subtractive logic in predicting loss aversion. Study 2 used real monetary gains and losses to verify the conclusion in Study 1. Using state‐trait theory to comprehensively consider the state and trait aspects of affect intensity, we further deduced that the immediate expected affect intensity might originate from the difference of an individual trait in affect intensity. Study 3 proved this hypothesis and showed that SAAI plays an intermediary role between affect intensity and loss aversion. Furthermore, Study 4 used real gamblers in casinos in Macau as its sample and obtained the same conclusion regarding loss aversion in real life as was found in the laboratory. Finally, we explained the effect of SAAI on loss aversion and indicated the contribution and significance of this study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High-strain induced reverse martensitic transformation in an ultrafine-grained Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloy

We report on a novel phenomenon, that is a high-strain-induced reverse martensitic transformation in an ultrafine-grained Ti–36Nb–2Ta–3Zr (wt.%) alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at room temperature. Our results show that a martensitic transformation from body-centred cubic β matrix to orthorhombic α″ martensite occurs under low-strain ECAP conditions and that a large portion (~34%) of martensite transforms into a matrix phase (i.e. reverse martensitic transformation) with increasing ECAP strain to a high value of 4 (i.e. 6 passes) with a corresponding reduction in the α″-lath thickness and a refinement of grain size in the matrix phase.     

Emotion suppression in multiple social contexts and its effects on psychosocial functioning: An investigation with Chinese samples

The present study examines the psychosocial consequences of emotion suppression and the moderating effect of social context in the link between emotion suppression and psychosocial functioning with two samples of Chinese undergraduate students. Suppression of happiness and sadness in five social contexts (with family members, close friends, classmates, teachers and strangers) and psychosocial functioning were investigated. The results indicate that the general level of happiness suppression negatively predicted individuals' psychosocial functioning, while sadness suppression was positively associated with psychosocial functioning. The moderating effect of social context was significant in the association between happiness suppression and psychosocial functioning, while its moderating effect was not significant for sadness. Moreover, the context differentiation (CD) of happiness suppression positively predicted psychosocial functioning, while the effect of CD of sadness suppression was not significant. The results of the present study extend the existing literature by suggesting the importance of taking social context and the specific type of emotion into account when examining the psychosocial adaptation of emotion suppression. New findings were also added to understand the effects of emotion suppression on psychosocial functioning for Chinese people. In the Chinese cultural context, which emphasizes regulating one's behaviours based on situational requirements, low levels of happiness suppression and high levels of sadness suppression appeared to be a psychosocially adaptive emotional display pattern.     

长期合作学习小组中的集体智慧及其影响因素研究

合作学习是应对信息时代学习困境的有效途径。研究一探索了合作学习群体中是否存在集体智慧,研究二比较了互动小组和名义小组在创新观点产生任务中的表现,研究三考察了合作学习小组在群体决策中的表现及其成员的观点和主观自信的影响。研究表明：在长期合作学习小组的多重任务表现中存在代表群体整体一般能力的C因素,即存在集体智慧;在创新观点的产生中,社会影响不利于集体智慧发挥作用;在困难问题解决的判断与决策中,集体智慧发挥的作用更明显,较不会受到个别成员的主观自信、实力和多数人意见左右。建议在合作学习等群体活动中通过策略选择和规则设置促进集体智慧发挥作用。     

内隐社会认知:社会性决策的个人背景效应

通过两个实验研究了个人背景对其社会性决策的影响。实验一采用 2× 2混合设计 ,其中被试性别为组间因素 ,策略类型为组内因素 ;结果发现不同性别的被试在选择决策策略时表现出了差异 ,其中男性更倾向于选择“综合比较”的策略 ,但女性却没有表现出对策略的偏向。实验二则选择 14项个人背景资料作为自变量 ,以“才—情”决策倾向为因变量 ,进行多元逐步回归分析 ,结果发现被试的家庭所在地、性别差异以及对自己容貌的评价等变量显著地影响了决策倾向。     

大学生皮肤电反应、MMPI及其关系的初步研究

应用日产Ｓａｎ－ｅｉｌＡ９７Ａ型脑电图机及ＭＭＰＩ（中国版本）对２６名大学生进行了皮肤电反应记录及人格特征的测查。结果表明：（１）普通大学生中皮电基础水平个体差异十分明显。（２）皮电平均每分钟自发波动次数与ＭＭＰＩ中的Ｄ、Ｓｉ、Ｍａｓ、Ｃｎ呈显著正相关,与Ｌ、Ｋ呈显著负相关。皮电平均每分钟自发波动幅度与Ｆ、Ｄ、Ｍａｓ呈显著正相关;与Ｌ呈显著负相关。（３）皮电基础水平高组与低组在Ｌ、Ｓｉ、Ｍａｓ之Ｔ分上的差异达显著水平。（４）习惯化倾向差组与优组在Ｋ、Ｓｔ、ＭａｓＴ分的差异有显著意义,差组与中组在Ｓｉ、ＣｎＴ分上有显著性差异。（５）习惯化倾向差组皮电基础水平较高;优组皮电基础水平较低,两组差异达显著水平。