道典中一段札文的两个语词解读

对道典中某些语词含义的正确认识不仅有助于汉语词汇学的研究,也对完整理解道教文化的特质会有好处.本文从上清经中的一段札文入手,结合传统的训释材料,对道典中"王甲"与"子"这两个词的含义作了探讨.     

神圣的容器--婆罗门教/印度教的身体观

身体的问题,与人的问题密切相关,在人的自我理解、交互理解与世界理解、终极理解中,身体都是不可或缺的维度.如何看待身体,如何把握身心关系,实可彰显出各大宗教的不同特质.对于婆罗门教/印度教传统来说,多层次的身体容器中含藏着神圣的种子,通过特殊的修炼技术达到身体的圣化,就能亲证"梵我合一"的神圣境界.这与中国古代身心思想颇可相互印证.从身体的角度去观照印度教传统,当能提供新的线索,展现新的面相.     

本色化运动中的中华基督教文社

中华基督教文社是本色化运动的产物,它于1924年在上海成立,至1930年解散,仅存在七年,但它在中国基督教本色化运动史上留下了重要印迹.它不仅是中国基督教文字事工本色化最为积极、立论最多的一个团体,也是中国基督教徒对高涨的民族主义的一个反应①.本文论述其发展历史及其重要作用.     

顿悟式组块破解的时间进程：ERP研究

本研究旨在探讨顿悟式组块破解的信息加工机制及神经动态变化。被试完成汉字拆解任务,也即从一个源汉字中移动部件从而得到有效汉字。研究操纵部件之间在空间交错背景下的类别关系：同类（移动部件和剩余部件都是汉字）和异类（移动部件是笔画,剩余部件是汉字）。与此同时记录事件相关电位变化。结果显示,同类条件比异类条件引发了更大的N2波动和减小的LPC波动。早期的N2效应可能提示了组块破解过程中的识别困难,而晚期的LPC效应可能提示了组块破解过程中的知觉转换困难。     

书法练习对儿童个性发展的影响

采用纵向研究设计,对124名三年级儿童进行了为期两年的追踪,旨在探讨书法训练对儿童个性发展的影响。通过实验组与对照组的比较发现：（1）在乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性等十三个个性特质上,时间的主效应极其显著;（2）在兴奋性、恃强性、敢为性特质上,书法练习的主效应显著;（3）在兴奋性、聪慧性、恃强性、轻松性和自律性特质上,时间与书法练习的交互作用显著。研究表明,书法练习对儿童个性的成长具有积极的影响作用。     

大学生对艾滋病患者的责任归因及惩戒行为反应

本研究通过被试对特定情景的反应借助于结构方程模型来确定对艾滋病患者的部位和控制性归因、责任判断、情感以及惩戒行为之间的数量化关系。309名大学生被试参与了该项研究,研究结果表明：对艾滋病的内部可控归因引起较高责任推断,较高生气类情感反应和较低同情类情感反应,以及较高惩戒行为;部位和控制性归因影响到责任判断和情感反应,责任推断除了直接影响到惩戒行为反应外,还间接地以情感反应为中介对惩戒为发挥作用。论文还结合中国文化的特点对结果进行了讨论。     

唤醒度对汉语情绪词情绪启动效应的影响

使用词汇情绪启动的实验范式,通过两个行为实验探讨了不同SOA(100ms、300ms和500ms)条件下情绪唤醒度在情绪启动效应中的作用,以及情绪启动效应是否受到任务形式的影响。结果发现,在情绪效价判断任务中,SOA为100ms时高唤醒和低唤醒启动词都出现了情绪启动效应,SOA为300ms时只有高唤醒启动词出现了情绪启动效应。在真假词判断任务中,无论高唤醒还是低唤醒启动词都没有出现情绪启动效应。唤醒度是影响词汇情绪启动效应的重要因素,但这种效应不是完全自动化的过程,会受到SOA和任务导向的影响。情绪启动效应可能来自于启动词与目标词在反应趋向上的一致性趋势。     

Age-Related Differences in Metamemory Accuracy among the Elderly: The Effect of Declining Inhibitory Function

To explore the age-related difference in metamemory accuracy during older adulthood, we measured the metamemory calibration and resolution of older participants. In Study 1, we divided the participants into four groups by age: 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, and above 75 years. We used young adults as a contrast group. The results revealed the inconsistency of age-related differences in calibration and resolution. The young adults had higher calibration in global prediction than the four groups of older adults before the study, whereas there were no differences among the four elderly groups. There were no differences in resolution between the 60- to 64-year, 65- to 69-year and young adult groups, but these three groups had higher resolution than the 70- to 74-year and above 75-year groups for item-by-item prediction. In Study 2, we measured the older participants’ inhibitory function to explore whether impaired inhibitory function led to a decline in metacognitive ability in the elderly. The results showed that the inhibition function was highly correlated with the accuracy of judgments of learning (JOL) and can predict the accuracy of JOL to a certain extent.     

The development of generosity and moral cognition across five cultures

Morality is an evolved aspect of human nature, yet is heavily influenced by cultural environment. This developmental study adopted an integrative approach by combining measures of socioeconomic status (SES), executive function, affective sharing, empathic concern, theory of mind, and moral judgment in predicting sharing behavior in children (N = 999) from the age of 5 to 12 in five large‐scale societies: Canada, China, Turkey, South Africa, and the USA. Results demonstrate that age, gender, SES, culture, and social cognitive mechanisms explain over 20% of the variance worldwide in children's resource allocation. These findings are discussed in reference to standard cultural comparisons (individualist/collectivist), as well as the degree of market integration, and highlight continuities and discontinuities in children's generosity across urban contexts.