唤醒度对汉语情绪词情绪启动效应的影响

使用词汇情绪启动的实验范式,通过两个行为实验探讨了不同SOA(100ms、300ms和500ms)条件下情绪唤醒度在情绪启动效应中的作用,以及情绪启动效应是否受到任务形式的影响。结果发现,在情绪效价判断任务中,SOA为100ms时高唤醒和低唤醒启动词都出现了情绪启动效应,SOA为300ms时只有高唤醒启动词出现了情绪启动效应。在真假词判断任务中,无论高唤醒还是低唤醒启动词都没有出现情绪启动效应。唤醒度是影响词汇情绪启动效应的重要因素,但这种效应不是完全自动化的过程,会受到SOA和任务导向的影响。情绪启动效应可能来自于启动词与目标词在反应趋向上的一致性趋势。     

Age-Related Differences in Metamemory Accuracy among the Elderly: The Effect of Declining Inhibitory Function

To explore the age-related difference in metamemory accuracy during older adulthood, we measured the metamemory calibration and resolution of older participants. In Study 1, we divided the participants into four groups by age: 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, and above 75 years. We used young adults as a contrast group. The results revealed the inconsistency of age-related differences in calibration and resolution. The young adults had higher calibration in global prediction than the four groups of older adults before the study, whereas there were no differences among the four elderly groups. There were no differences in resolution between the 60- to 64-year, 65- to 69-year and young adult groups, but these three groups had higher resolution than the 70- to 74-year and above 75-year groups for item-by-item prediction. In Study 2, we measured the older participants’ inhibitory function to explore whether impaired inhibitory function led to a decline in metacognitive ability in the elderly. The results showed that the inhibition function was highly correlated with the accuracy of judgments of learning (JOL) and can predict the accuracy of JOL to a certain extent.     

The development of generosity and moral cognition across five cultures

Morality is an evolved aspect of human nature, yet is heavily influenced by cultural environment. This developmental study adopted an integrative approach by combining measures of socioeconomic status (SES), executive function, affective sharing, empathic concern, theory of mind, and moral judgment in predicting sharing behavior in children (N = 999) from the age of 5 to 12 in five large‐scale societies: Canada, China, Turkey, South Africa, and the USA. Results demonstrate that age, gender, SES, culture, and social cognitive mechanisms explain over 20% of the variance worldwide in children's resource allocation. These findings are discussed in reference to standard cultural comparisons (individualist/collectivist), as well as the degree of market integration, and highlight continuities and discontinuities in children's generosity across urban contexts.     

社交网站使用对青少年孤独感的影响:链式中介效应分析

为探讨社交网站使用、线上积极反馈、友谊质量和青少年孤独感的关系,采用社交网站使用强度问卷、线上积极反馈问卷、友谊质量量表和孤独感量表对538名中学生进行调查,结果发现:(1)社交网站使用与线上积极反馈和友谊质量都呈显著正相关,而与孤独感显著负相关,线上积极反馈与友谊质量显著正相关,而且两者都与孤独感显著负相关;(2)社交网站使用对孤独感没有直接的预测作用,但能通过两条路径的间接作用影响青少年孤独感:通过线上积极反馈的中介作用;通过线上积极反馈和友谊质量的链式中介作用。研究结果揭示了社交网站使用对青少年孤独感的影响及其作用机制,能为网络时代的青少年降低孤独感提供有益启示。     

Existential function of babies: Babies as a buffer of death-related anxiety

The present study examined babies as death anxiety buffers with Chinese participants in three experiments. In Experiment 1, death-related thoughts increased college-aged participants' interest in human babies. In Experiment 2, images of newborn animals reduced the number of death-related thoughts recorded by college-aged participants. In Experiment 3, female factory workers who read news articles describing deaths of babies had pessimistic estimations of their own life expectancies. An explanation of these results is provided within a terror management theory framework, with a primary focus on how babies reinforce cultural worldviews and enhance self-esteem via the notion of symbolic immortality. Thus, the anxiety-buffering function of baby is subsumed under cultural worldviews validation and self-esteem enhancement.     

企业员工敬业度的结构模型研究

在文献研究基础上,通过访谈等方法,编制企业员工综合敬业度问卷(MEEI).通过对264名被试进行预测试,修订得到正式问卷.重新选取6家企业的员工进行测试,获得193份有效问卷,数据的验证性因素分析结果表明:企业员工的敬业度是六因素结构,包括任务聚焦、活力、主动参与、价值内化、效能感和积极坚持.     

内疚和羞耻的关系——来自反事实思维的验证

运用情境模拟法从反事实思维的角度探讨内疚与羞耻的关系.并比较了大学生和青少年罪犯反事实思维与内疚和羞耻关系方面的特点.结果表明:(1)研究结果部分支持"内疚事件和羞耻事件"假设,但不支持Lewis提出的"自我和行为"假设,甚至与该假设相反;(2)大学生和青少年罪犯反事实思维与内疚和羞耻的关系具有某些方面的一致性.但也存在着很大的差异.大学生自我导向的反事实思维与内疚感有更为密切的联系,而青少年罪犯行为导向的反事实思维与羞耻感有更为密切的联系.     

双重攻击模型的实证研究

本研究通过两个实验对双重攻击模型进行了验证.实验一借助实验性分离的逻辑,发现性别对内隐攻击性和外显攻击性存在不同影响,初步证明内隐攻击性和外显攻击性的分离论.实验二通过实证性因素分析,证明双重攻击模型具有较高的拟合参数.本研究证明内隐攻击性和外显攻击性分属两个不同的结构,构成双重攻击模型.     

周代战车驾马数探析

两周时期是车战盛行的时代,从上古文献记载来看,几乎是整齐划一的驷马驾车格局。然而仔细梳理两周时期的考古发现可见,文献记载与考古发现不相吻合,而地下出土文献如金文、简帛文献可以与考古实物相互印证,即以二马之驾居多。这说明,战车驾二是当时的驾马常制,传世文献多文学作品,有溢美之处。     

闪光滞后效应的机制：时间错觉与空间错觉

闪光滞后效应（flash—lag effect,FLE）是指在与某运动物体相同的位置上呈现的闪光（flash）知觉上滞后于该运动物体的视错觉。本文简要介绍了有关闪光滞后效应机制的理论模型。笔者认为,目前各种理论的争议可归结为时间错觉假说与空间错觉假说之争,并在此基础上就今后进一步研究的方向提出了建议。