言语指导对实验操作技能形成影响的初步研究

本研究以112名中师学生为被试,采用实验组控制组后测实验设汁,选择中和滴定作为实验操作任务,探讨了言语指导对实验操作技能形成的影响。结果表明．言语指导能明显地促进学生实验操作技能的形成,特别是在实验操作动作的自动化方面。     

《真诰》词语补释

六朝道教典籍《真诰》使用了口语、俗语,其用语较有特点,学界多有讨论。但由于道教文献的特殊性,其中对某些语词的讨论尚欠深入,仍有可商之处,本文即对"不授"、"盛"、"建"三个语词的含义进行了考释。     

大学生社会行为、成就动机与网络成瘾倾向的关系研究——以武汉市5所高校为例

运用问卷调查法探讨大学生的社会行为、成就动机与网络成瘾倾向的关系。对299位大学生的调查结果表明:(1)追求成功动机、避免失败动机和社交能力对大学生网络成瘾倾向有直接影响;(2)成就动机还通过社交能力间接影响网络成瘾倾向。     

Processes underlying the cross-race effect: an investigation of holistic, featural, and relational processing of own-race versus other-race faces

Adults are often better at recognising own-race than other-race faces. Unlike previous studies that reported an own-race advantage after administering a single test of either holistic processing or of featural and relational processing, we used a cross-over design and multiple tasks to assess differential processing of faces from a familiar race versus a less familiar race. Caucasian and Chinese adults performed four tasks, each with Caucasian and Chinese faces. Two tasks measured holistic processing: the composite face task and the part/whole task. Both tasks indicated holistic processing of own-race and other-race faces that did not differ in degree. Two tasks measured featural and relational processing: the Jane/Ling task, in which same/ different judgments were made about face pairs that differed in features of their spacing, and the scrambled/blurred task, in which test faces were scrambled (isolates memory for components) or blurred (isolates memory for relations). Both tasks provided evidence of an own-race advantage in both featural and relational processing. We conclude that even when adults process other-race faces holistically, other manifestations of an own-race advantage remain.     

回风混合之道与六卷本《上清大洞真经》的成书

本文从陶弘景《登真隐诀》中所描述的《大洞真经》大、小本的关键区别回风混合之道入手,指出《云笈七签》卷三十《大洞回风混合帝一之法》即为其完整文本。由于其与修诵本经至为密切的关系,该经法本在原初《三十九章》前。在从《大洞灭魔神慧玉清隐书高玄真经》到今六卷本《上清大洞真经》的发展中,该文本最终被剪辑编入《三十九章》中,从而形成今卷二至卷六的主体内容。通篇完整的文本对应、微殊差异以及本经卷一所启大洞真经师和回风大混合师的内证表明,今六卷本实乃陶氏所见含回风混合之道的大本在发展中改编增补而成,这是破解今本《三十九章》层次结构的密匙,可印证或纠正既有诸多认识。     

言语产生研究的理论框架

本文回顾了言语产生的研究历史,总结了言语产生的理论框架和研究方法,对言语产生研究中的一些关键问题进行了系统的分析,这些问题包括：(1)语义如何存储在心理词典中;(2)词条选择和音位编码的独立性;(3)语音和音位编码方式;(4)音位信息与音节框架之间的关系。     

小学儿童社交焦虑与孤独感研究

本研究采用经修订的量表对大城市三所普通小学的569名小学生测查了与社会交往有关的情绪,结果表明：男生的孤独感显著地高于女生。被拒绝儿童的孤独感最高,其次是被忽视儿童。二年级和六年级儿童的社交焦虑显著高于四年级儿童;被拒绝儿童的社交焦虑水平显著高于其他儿童。     

Visual working memory for dynamic objects: Impaired binding between object feature and location

In daily life, people frequently need to observe dynamic objects and temporarily maintain their representations in visual working memory (VWM). The present study explored the mechanism underlying the binding between perceptual features and locations of dynamic objects in VWM. In three experiments, we measured and compared the memory performance for feature-location binding of multiple dynamic and static objects. The results showed that the feature-location binding was impaired for the dynamic objects compared with the static objects. The impairment persisted when the global spatial configuration of the objects remained intact during the motion, as well as when the binding task was relatively easy, such as binding between single-feature objects and coarse locations. The results indicate that object features and locations are not maintained in VWM as well-integrated object files; rather, the formation of feature-location binding may require additional processes, which are disrupted by the constant change of locations in dynamic circumstances. We propose a consolidation process as possible underlying mechanism, and discuss factors that may influence the strength of feature-location binding in dynamic circumstances.     

Characteristics of Unintentional Movements by a Multijoint Effector

The authors explored the phenomenon of unintentional changes in the equilibrium state of a multijoint effector produced by transient changes in the external force. The subjects performed a position-holding task against a constant force produced by a robot and were instructed not to intervene voluntarily with movements produced by changes in the robot force. The robot produced a smooth force increase leading to a hand movement, followed by a dwell time. Then, the force dropped to its initial value leading to hand movement toward the initial position, but the hand stopped short of the initial position. The undershoot magnitude increased linearly with the peak hand displacement and exponentially with dwell time (time constant of about 1 s). For long dwell times, the hand stopped at about half the total distance to the initial position. The authors interpret the results as consequences of a drift of the referent hand coordinate. Our results provide support for back-coupling between the referent and actual body configurations during multijoint actions and produce the first quantitative analysis of this phenomenon. This mechanism can also explain the phenomena of slacking and force drop after turning visual feedback off during accurate force production task.     

时间隐喻表征的跨文化研究

通过广泛收集语料,用内容分析和因素分析方法探析了中英时间隐喻表征的概念结构,获得了时间隐喻概念的11个构成维度,证实了时间隐喻表征有着系统的内部结构的假想,并发现中英两种文化在时间隐喻概念结构上非常相似.