再探框架对风险决策行为的影响

期望理论运用Ｓ状的价值函数和非线性的权重函数来解释和预测框架效应。“齐当别”抉择模型将不同框架下的抉择行为简单地看成是“最好可能结果之间的取舍”或者“最坏可能结果之间的取舍”。本研究设计了一“匹配”技术,并用此对作者所报告过的支持框架效应与不支持框架效应的选择问题加以再检验。实验表明,采用不同的框架并不能预测性地决定不同的抉择偏爱,而匹配结果所示的“齐当别”策略则能更好地对所收集到的有关框架效应的数据作出解释。     

错综不变组和散卦卦序结构

本文继续文〔2〕的工作 ,主要是运用错综不变组的概念来分析散卦卦序结构。令 x为一个卦 ,则含 x的、对交错和交综两运算封闭的最小集合都形如 {x,x* ,x,x* };这里 ,x* 指 x的交综卦 ,x指 x的交错卦 ,x* 指 x的交综卦。今后 ,我们将把这样的最小集合称为·错·综 ·不·变 ·组。对任一卦 x而言 ,交综卦 x* 的交错卦 x* 与交错卦 x的交综卦 x* 是相同的 ,但交错卦 x与 x总是不相同的。当 x等于 x*或者 x等于 x* (即 ,x为自综卦或者 x与 x为一对错综卦 )时 ,交错卦 x(或者 x)就等于自身的交综卦 x* ,从而集合 {x,x* ,x,x* }中有且只有两个元…     

呈现方式、自我效能感和成就动机对FOK判断影响的研究

以英汉配对词为实验材料探讨了呈现方式、自我效能感和成就动机对ＦＯＫ判断（Ｆｅｅｌｉｎｇ ｏｆ Ｋｎｏｗｉｎｇ）的影响,被试是１４４名大学生。实验结果表明：（１）呈现方式、自我效能感和成就动机均显著影响ＦＯＫ判断等级的高低和判断的准确性;（２）自我效能感和成就动机在影响ＦＤＫ判断方面有显著的交互作用,成就动机对ＦＤＫ判断的作用受自我效能感影响;（３）被试的回忆成绩、再认成绩和ＦＤＫ判断准确性之间均有显著的正相关,表明客体记忆与无记忆之间有较密切的联系。     

杂谈"僧、妖"与"神"--读《西游记》有感

偶读毛泽东同志《和郭沫若同志·七律》与郭沫若《看<孙悟空三打白骨精>》。诗人们当时都是针对封、资、修而作。抚今思昔,多年来社会上屡发的伪科学及当前科学技术界的种种浮躁现象,虽与当年吴承恩的寓意不同,但究其成因与本质却有惊人的共性。乃牵强附会,作些拼凑。班门弄斧,荒谬之处,尚望广大读者批评指正。     

号码是什么资源?

曾看过东部某省电视台播出的一个节目,就是以“号码拍卖,好,还是不好?”为题,组织持完全相反观点的两方“嘉宾”进行现场辩论。持“好”观点一方的三位人物的身份分别是:北京大学教授、《法制行政》副主编、中共山东省委党校副教授(暂称为甲方);持“不好”观点一方的三位人物的身份分别是:山东大学法学博士、清华大学教授、山东某中学教师(暂称为乙方)。辩论是在严肃而紧张的气氛中进行的,完全不是时下一些电视台所搞的那种主持人居中穿针引线,对立双方插科打诨的搞笑节目。甲乙双方唇枪舌剑,争得脸红筋胀,以至于主持人几乎插不进话,几乎驾…     

复杂图形的双眼视差敏感性

该研究用心理物理学实验方法,以能正确分辨图形在深度上起伏周期数的多少作为判据,检测了七名被试的体视性能。实验结果表明,被试者观看复杂图形的视差敏感性是和图形在深度上变化的复杂程度有关。如果以视差作纵坐标,以图形在深度起伏频率为横坐标,则其深度感知的范围是一个区域,该区域的频率变化范围是从０．１周／度到４周／度,当深度变化频率大于４周／度,则无深度感知。七名被试的双眼深度敏感区有个体差异,但其区域的形状是相似的。     

5至8岁儿童时间知觉的实验研究

儿童的时间知觉是怎样发展起来的?发展过程中有哪些特点?经历哪些主要阶段?这是发展心理学要研究的课题之一。在国外,斯迈思,戈德斯通(E.J.Smythe,1957, S.Gold-stone,1958)等人曾研究过6—14岁儿童对以秒计的主动时间估计和被动时间估计,认为8—14岁儿童对短时间的估计比较准确,时间观念已渐趋稳定,并能利用有关的参考     

Not all cultural values are created equal: Cultural change in China reexamined through Google books

Given its major transformations in recent decades, China has figured prominently in research on cultural change. Previous research converges in showing a general trend towards individualism in contemporary China while noting that rising individualism tends to coexist with enduring collectivism. To further understand this, we tested whether perceived traditional importance of cultural values would modulate the trajectory of cultural change reflected in word usage frequencies in published books. We re‐analysed Google's Chinese corpus since 1980 based on a broad sample of words associated with individualism–collectivism. We replicated the pattern of rising individualism and declining collectivism among words of modest and low perceived traditional importance. Most important, however, collectivistic words of high perceived traditional importance increased in usage frequencies with time, thus departing from the general trend towards individualism. Overall, our research underscores the role of core culture in cultural maintenance during times of rapid cultural change.     

Examining Effects of Self-Efficacy on Research Motivation Among Chinese University Teachers: Moderation of Leader Support and Mediation of Goal Orientations

Utilizing the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) as the theoretical framework, this study proposed a moderated mediation model investigating the complex functioning mechanisms of how self-efficacy beliefs and leader support can be related to research motivation among Chinese university teachers. A group of 310 Chinese teachers working in different universities completed an online survey. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed distinct influencing paths from the predictor variables (i.e., self-efficacy and leader support) to the outcome variables (i.e., intrinsic and extrinsic research motivation). Specifically, self-efficacy beliefs predicted both mastery and performance goal orientations; mastery goal orientation, in turn, positively affected intrinsic and extrinsic research motivation. In contrast, leader support was non-significant for the both types of goal orientations, but exerted strong direct influences on the both types of research motivation. Bootstrapping methods in SEM showed that it was primarily the mastery goal orientation that mediated the relationships between self-efficacy beliefs and research motivation. Furthermore, the results from the SEM and simple slope analysis revealed that leader support moderated the association between self-efficacy and extrinsic research motivation.