Gender differences in psychological morbidity,burnout, job stress and job satisfaction among Chinese neurologists: a national cross-sectional study

Women are an important part of the medical workforce, yet little is known about gender differences in psychological morbidity, burnout, job stress and job satisfaction among neurologists. This study assessed gender differences in a large national sample of Chinese neurologists. Multivariate analyses were performed to examine associations. A total of 5558 neurologists were included in the analysis. Compared with their male counterparts, female neurologists were generally younger; were less likely to be married or to have children; had higher levels of education; were in practice for a shorter period of time; were less likely to hold senior roles; and had lower incomes. Male and female neurologists worked similar hours and spent a similar number of nights on call. No gender differences were found in psychological morbidity, burnout, and high levels of job stress for female and male, respectively. Women had higher emotional exhaustion scores, while men were more likely to have low levels of job satisfaction. The multivariate analysis showed that factors independently associated with psychological morbidity, burnout, high levels of job stress and low levels of job satisfaction were generally similar for women and men. These findings increase our understanding of gender differences in psychological morbidity, burnout, job stress, and job satisfaction among neurologists. As more women join the medical profession, these differences may be useful in designing medical training and practice.     

职业倦怠的干预研究述评

随着生活节奏的加快,职业倦怠(burnout)已经成为不可忽视的职业病。而对职业倦怠的干预也就成为当今研究关注的热点。文章先回顾了近年来在个体干预和组织干预上取得的成果．然后对干预研究的效果进行了评价,并就干预研究的不足之处和未来的发展动向提出了自己的观点。     

Are people always more risk averse after disasters? Surveys after a heavy snow‐hit and a major earthquake in China in 2008

China suffered both a heavy snow‐hit and a major earthquake in 2008. To investigate the effects of disasters on risky decision making, opportunity samples were obtained by recruiting residents in both devastated and non‐devastated areas. In a survey (Study 1) conducted shortly after the heavy snow‐hit, we found that people were not always more risk averse after a disaster as previous studies had claimed and that they were inclined to approach an option with ‘low probability associated gain’ and to avoid an option with ‘low probability associated loss’. These findings were replicated in a consecutive survey (Study 2) conducted after the Wenchuan earthquake. It was further found that the popularity of both insurance and lottery, which presumably contributed to overweighing of small probabilities, was detected to have been enhanced with substantial exposure to the earthquake disaster. The implications of these findings for risk education and government policy making were discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加强我国卫生领域科研诚信建设的重要性

近几年来,我国的科研不端案例呈不断上升趋势.科技部、教育部、中国科学院,国家自然科学基金委员会、中国科学技术协会等部门或机构已发布了关于科研不端行为的处理规定,然而在我国卫生领域科研不端行为的处理和科研诚信建设方面尚未出台相关政策或指导意见.加强我国卫生领域的科研诚信建设具有重要意义.     

东南亚华侨华人宗教的历史角色与当代价值

东南亚华侨华人宗教作为母文化——中华传统宗教文化在异时空的一种转型和再生,是源于中华传统宗教文化,广泛地吸收了东南亚本土宗教文化和西方宗教文化而形成的;转型后的东南亚华侨华人宗教在华人社会和所居地社会的当代文化价值体现为共有价值的追求,即获得信仰神灵精神力量战胜困难的勇气、整合华族各方资源、和谐国家社会政治经济关系、丰富人类文化多样性等四方面。东南亚华侨华人宗教的历史角色与当代价值可以作为包括宗教在内的中华传统优秀文化如何继续发挥应有价值与建构和谐社会的启思。     

什么是宗教对话的准则?——特雷西《与他者对话》述评

今天宗教对话随着文明对话的呼声日益高涨。美国芝加哥大学教授特雷西所著的《与他者对话》以伽达默尔对话诠释学为基本方法,通过处理基督教信息与现代普世多元宗教处境的关系,致力于建构一种宗教对话的准则学。特雷西将在差异与冲突中的对话和团结作为最佳盼望,将批判和存疑作为构成对话的必要条件。他将聚焦于他者作为宗教对话准则的看法,这无疑对当今宗教对话的继续展开具有一定的启发意义。     

对微创脊柱外科发展历程的思考

微创脊柱外科是现代脊柱外科发展的必然趋势.近几十年来,微创技术不断革新,微创理念也逐渐深入人心.在取得了巨大成就的同时还有许多问题值得我们去思考和探索.我们不仅应注重微创技术的创新和应用,更要注意应用微创理念,做到二者的有机统一.     

交互式认知：隐性知识的认知机制

在社会建构论和分布式认知等相关理论的基础上,结合隐性知识的特点提出了交互式认知理论,目的在于揭示隐性知识的认知机制。交互式认知是指不同知识主体认知的相互影响和相互作用的过程,其中师傅带徒弟和实践社区这是企业管理实践中最为常见的两种隐性知识传播形式,     

数学应用题心理表征的研究现状与动态

心理表征是问题解决的关键,该文阐述了在数学应用题中心理表征的理论,探讨了心理表征的内部影响因素,最后总结了目前在应用题心理表征的研究中,心理学家们关注的一些问题.     

Cold and lonely: does social exclusion literally feel cold?

Metaphors such as icy stare depict social exclusion using cold-related concepts; they are not to be taken literally and certainly do not imply reduced temperature. Two experiments, however, revealed that social exclusion literally feels cold. Experiment 1 found that participants who recalled a social exclusion experience gave lower estimates of room temperature than did participants who recalled an inclusion experience. In Experiment 2, social exclusion was directly induced through an on-line virtual interaction, and participants who were excluded reported greater desire for warm food and drink than did participants who were included. These findings are consistent with the embodied view of cognition and support the notion that social perception involves physical and perceptual content. The psychological experience of coldness not only aids understanding of social interaction, but also is an integral part of the experience of social exclusion.