听障学生与正常学生社会认知能力的比较研究

以配对比较的方法,通过观点采择、个性特征认知、故事复述等社会认知能力测验,考察听障学生与正常学生的社会认知能力的差异,结果表明:(1)在智力、年龄相同的情况下,听障学生的社会认知能力发展明显比正常学生迟缓;(2)听障学生与正常学生的社会认知能力不存在性别差异;(3)听障学生社会认知发展迟缓与其社会互动经验的缺乏有关联。     

走向深层发展伦理学——贝克风险社会理论的发展伦理学意蕴

对发展伦理学而言,贝克“风险社会理论”的根本方法论意义,在于启发我们思考这样一个问题:“应该用什么方法、在什么层面上建构发展伦理学”?贝克风险社会理论对明确发展伦理学的研究视域、学理层次、研究平台等具有重要方法论启示。     

Crossed aphasia in Chinese: a clinical survey.

According to our clinical observations from various aspects of stroke patients, such as the total incidence of aphasia, the incidence of aphasia after left brain damage of the dextrals, the aphasia that occurs in patients without hemiplegia, and the types of aphasia, a much higher incidence of crossed aphasia is seen among the stroke patients of the Han (the largest ethnic group in China) as compared with the Uighur-Kazaks (U-K) in China and the Occidentals documented in the literature. Motor aphasia is most common and pure sensory or posterior aphasia is rarely seen in Han patients. The distinct features of the Chinese language is a possible explanation for this difference. We suspect that language function of the Han is not localized in the left brain but in the right or both hemispheres. There is no definite Wernicke's area in the left brain of the Chinese people and the neural pathway of the language function in the brain of the Chinese people is not similar to people who speak phonetic languages. Consequently the universal applicability of the theories of cerebral laterality of the language function and dominant hemisphere established by Dax and Broca are questioned in this paper.     

汉语普通话句子重音在时长方面的声学表现

研究包括2部分。在第一部分,通过对由10个发音人发音的148条句子中的4个词时长方面的声学特征的分析发现：（1）当句子重音强调词时,时长的增加主要集中在这个词的重读音节上;（2）当句子重音强调词的某个音节时,时长的延长主要集中在这个音节上。在第二部分,通过使用上述语句的知觉实验发现,句子重音强调词的语句和句子重音强调这个词的重读音节的语句相对于它们的语境是可以相互替换的, 这种相互可替换性起因于这两种语句声学表现方面的相似性     

计算机自适应性测验(CAT)选题策略的新进展

在计算机自适应性测验(CAT)中,传统的项目选题策略正面对越来越多的问题,比如:测验的安全,项目的曝光率,项目的平衡应用等等。分层选题策略的新发展-A-STR和BAS-选题策略部分地解决了传统的选题策略所面临的难题。能够有效地控制高区分度项目的曝光率,增加低区分度项目的曝光率,平衡项目的应用,提高测验效率,降低测验成本等等。为计算机自适应测验的选题策略提供了一种更加有效的方法,也为我国开展计算机自适应测验提供了一种思路。     

论宗教仪式行为对藏民族特性的形塑作用

宗教仪式在藏族人的宗教生活中具有突出的地位,对藏民族特性的形塑具有重要作用.已有的研究大多从宗教信仰意识的角度分析宗教对藏民族特性的影响,忽略了从宗教仪式行为角度透视宗教与藏民族特性的关系.本文试图在宗教仪式行为与藏民族特性的双向互动关系中集中分析藏族宗教仪式对藏民族特性的影响.     

《虬须客》与《虬髯客传》

在中国古代小说创作领域,由于道教的神仙传说为文学创作提供了大量的素材和想象的空间,因此,到唐代时,道教小说无论是在数量,还是在质量上都达到一个新的高峰。唐代道教小说中有相当一部分出自于唐末五代著名的“道门领袖”杜光庭的手笔。杜光庭在撰写《道教灵验记》、《神仙感遇传》、《墉城集仙录》、《录异记》等书时,通过搜奇述异,塑造了许多颇具魅力的求道者形象,讲述了许多颇具传奇色彩小说故事。在杜光庭的小说中,特别值得一提的是《神仙感遇传》卷四的《虬须客》。《虬须客》因与后世影响甚大的唐代传奇小说《虬髯客传》在人物与情…     

Negational categorization and intergroup behavior

Individuals define themselves, at times, as who they are (e.g., a psychologist) and, at other times, as who they are not (e.g., not an economist). Drawing on social identity, optimal distinctiveness, and balance theories, four studies examined the nature of negational identity relative to affirmational identity. One study explored the conditions that increase negational identification and found that activating the need for distinctiveness increased the accessibility of negational identities. Three additional studies revealed that negational categorization increased outgroup derogation relative to affirmational categorization and the authors argue that this effect is at least partially due to a focus on contrasting the self from the outgroup under negational categorization. Consistent with this argument, outgroup derogation following negational categorization was mitigated when connections to similar others were highlighted. By distinguishing negational identity from affirmational identity, a more complete picture of collective identity and intergroup behavior can start to emerge.     

The merits of unconscious thought in creativity

Research has yielded weak empirical support for the idea that creative solutions may be discovered through unconscious thought, despite anecdotes to this effect. To understand this gap, we examined the effect of unconscious thought on two outcomes of a remote-association test (RAT): implicit accessibility and conscious reporting of answers. In Experiment 1, which used very difficult RAT items, a short period of unconscious thought (i.e., participants were distracted while holding the goal of solving the RAT items) increased the accessibility of RAT answers, but did not increase the number of correct answers compared with an equal duration of conscious thought or mere distraction. In Experiment 2, which used moderately difficult RAT items, unconscious thought led to a similar level of accessibility, but fewer correct answers, compared with conscious thought. These findings confirm and extend unconscious-thought theory by demonstrating that processes that increase the mental activation of correct solutions do not necessarily lead them into consciousness.     

现代性是如何生成的——马克思和韦伯的视角

与非西方国家现代化的外源性不同,西方现代化的内生性决定了其现代性的生成性.马克思认为中世纪晚期西欧低地国家(Niederland)的城市自治运动为资本这一现代性的动力来源创造了初始条件,韦伯则主张新教伦理是西欧现代化的根源.不过,在现代性的理性化特征及其与传统的"断裂"方面,韦伯的观点与马克思并无二致.马克思的唯物史观为我们分析西方现代化的初始条件与动力来源提供了宏观的分析框架;而韦伯的理解社会学理论揭开了隐藏在制度背后的精神力量,使人们得以全面地认识现代性.