认知风格、认知操作对智力水平个体差异的影响机制

该研究以探查不同智力水平群体的认知风格是否不同以及认知风格对智力个体差异的影响机制为目的,在256名14～15岁被试的韦氏智力测验和认知风格测量基础上,通过比较不同智商水平组的认知风格、观察认知风格与智商分数之间的相关、比较控制与未控制认知风格下认知操作与智商分数相关变化;结果发现不同智商群体各自的主导性认知风格迥异,控制认知风格下认知操作与智力水平之间相关显著降低;这说明认知风格以潜在、稳定的组织方式影响着认知操作,继而影响智力水平,认知操作相比于认知风格对智力个体差异的影响更为强大、直接。     

听觉障碍学生的社会观点采择能力发展研究

以中国寓言图画故事为刺激材料,采用个别测验的方式,考察了特殊学校小学三、四、五、六年级及初中一、三年级共122名听觉障碍学生的社会观点采择能力及其发展,结果发现：(1)听觉障碍学生的社会观点采择能力存在显著的年级差异;(2)听觉障碍学生的社会观点采择能力发展不存在性别差异;(3)听觉障碍学生的社会观点采择能力明显地受父母文化程度的影响。     

“I know you can do this” versus “How can you be so stupid?” Feedback among Chinese and American young adult friends

According to past research, young adults prefer positive feedback from their friends, but emotional reactions to negative feedback are less severe in Korea than in the United States. We extended this past work in several ways: We studied both giving and receiving feedback, recruited Chinese young adults, used realistic scenarios, and employed the situation‐sampling method. Using text‐message‐based vignettes, Study 1 found that both American and Chinese friends used happy emojis when exchanging positive feedback whereas Americans used less positive emojis than did the Chinese when exchanging negative feedback. We then collected actual examples of feedback that people had given to their friends (Study 2a) and showed them to new samples of Chinese and American young adults (Study 2b). This situation‐sampling methodology found that (a) Americans rated negative feedback from both cultures especially negatively, and (b) negative feedback examples from China were rated especially negatively by people in both cultures. That is, although Chinese negative feedback is seemingly more harsh, Chinese young adults do not react as negatively.     

关于问题难度的实验研究

利用一种新型的人工问题,探讨了一些影响问题难度的因素。结果表明：未知参数越多,问题难度越大;中间未知参数不予提示时问题难度显著提高;参数排列方式越乱,问题难度越大;供选择的操作数越多,问题难度越大;供选择的操作的相似性越强,问题难度就越大;对过去题目中某些特征的意识水平越高,经验就越容易迁移,从而影响难度。     

Three Subtypes of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Chinese Adolescents: Results of a Latent Class Analysis

Using latent class analyses (LCA), the present study aimed to test whether meaningful subtypes of internalizing and externalizing behaviors could be found among Chinese community-based adolescents. A total of 5244 adolescents, ages 11–18 years (M?=?15.11, SD?=?1.79) recruited from 16 Chinese middle schools completed the Chinese version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-C). We examined the data using Latent Class Analysis to identify subtypes of internalizing and externalizing behaviors among the adolescents. Multivariate Logistic regression was subsequently implemented to ascertain the relationships between latent classes and demographic covariates. Three distinct subtypes were uncovered: a high-risk group, a middle-risk group and a low-risk group; the three subtypes accounted for 19.8, 31.1, and 49.1 % of the total sample variance respectively. Youth with elevations in one behavior type were likely to have elevations in the other behavior type. Further analyses revealed that compared to the low-risk group, the adolescents from the high-risk group and middle-risk groups were female and older. Significant heterogeneity in internalizing and externalizing behaviors was revealed in this Chinese adolescent’s sample. Profiling behavior problems patterns is potentially useful as a first step in developing tailored prevention and intervention programs. Suggestions for future research, including cross-national studies, and implications for mental health professionals were discussed.     

复归与超越:王重阳修道论与老庄思想的关系

王重阳创立的以全真而仙为核心的修道论,远承老庄之学,融贯儒佛思想,分别从全真、修心、真行等不同层面,把老庄道家的见素抱朴法贵天真思想,自然超脱的养心论和老子不善者吾亦善之的慈善济世思想推向了一个新的高度,实现了对老庄思想的复归与超越,增强了道教的普世性,提升了道教的思想水平。     

Gating技术与汉语听觉词汇加工

尝试对Gating技术的实施和运用,对数据进行探索性分析。被试为47名北京师范大学本科学生。实验中被试听到依次加长的单字词语音片段,每听完一个语音片段要尽快判断该语音是什么字音,并迅速写出想到的第一个符合该读音的汉字,同时在七点量表上评定作出判断的确定性等级。结果显示,Gating技术作为探讨汉语听觉词汇加工的一条途径可以提供丰富的信息,它不仅能得到词汇的语音识别点(Isolation Point,IP),也揭示出它与声调存在一定关系。对错误反应的分析还表明：声调信息可以独立于音段信息而被识别;即时影响声调识别的因素不一定局限于区别性特征;听觉词汇识别受到听觉语言特有的方向性特点的影响,这种影响不仅体现在音段信息、也体现在超音段信息的识别中。