Predicting Suicide Attempts among Treatment‐Seeking Male Alcoholics: An Exploratory Study

Documented risk factors for suicide among alcohol‐dependent patients are sensitive but insufficiently specific to effectively identify individuals who are prone to future suicide attempt. As a first step to assess factors not previously considered, this pilot study involved a group of male alcohol‐dependent patients (N = 175) coming to detoxification to examine the potential utility of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) along with other documented events to discriminate individuals with a history of attempted suicide from their detoxifying peers. Family health history questionnaires were used to evaluate their ACEs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to examine the predictive power of ACEs, alone or in combination with documented risk factors, to lifetime history of attempted suicide. Among our participants, 48 (27.4%) had a history of a suicide attempt and 156 (89.1%) reported at least one out of the nine categories of ACEs. Modeling by ROC analysis, we found that a cutoff of four or more ACEs plus a history of personal violence achieved the best predictive power to a history of any suicide attempt, producing a sensitivity of 0.7, specificity of 0.81, and area under curve of 0.75. A prospective study to replicate and extend our findings is necessary.     

心理学中对假设检验一些批评的分析

根据假设检验原理的贝叶斯统计的表达方式分析和回应了心理学中对传统的假设检验方法的主要批评.认为:(1)确定假设的接受域不仅要考虑,同时也应该考虑以及这个假设的先验概率,而元分析方法的提出可看作对先验概率考虑的必然的逻辑结果;(2)零假设是可以接受的,但它的接受域只是备掸假设接受域余集的一个子集;(3)传统的假设检验方法需要其他方法的补充.     

Suicidality Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Taiwan: Its Relationships with Sexuality and Gender Role Characteristics,Homophobic Bullying Victimization,and Social Support

This study aimed to examine the associations of suicidality in emerging adulthood with time of coming out, gender role nonconformity, sexual orientation, traditional and cyber homophobic bullying victimization, and family and peer support during childhood in gay and bisexual men in Taiwan. The frequency of “experiencing suicide ideation” and “attempting suicide” in the past year among 500 gay or bisexual men was examined. The participants’ time of coming out, level of subjective masculinity, sexual orientation, experiences of traditional and cyber homophobic bullying victimization, and levels of family and peer support during childhood were also evaluated. In total, 31% (n = 155) of participants reported experiencing suicide ideation (n = 82) or attempting suicide (n = 73). Early coming out, traditional homophobic bullying victimization, and low family support during childhood increased the risk of suicidality in emerging adulthood; by contrast, family support did not moderate the association of early coming out or traditional bullying victimization with current suicidality. A high proportion of participants reported experiencing suicide ideation and attempt in emerging adulthood. Hence, effective suicide prevention is required for gay and bisexual men. Suicide prevention programs should consider time of coming out, traditional homophobic bullying victimization, and level of family support.     

心理学研究中应该怎样报告实验的结果?

假设检验这一传统的处理实验数据的方法,目前在心理学中正经受着普遍的批评。在这一背景下,一些研究者提出一些改进假设检验的方法,其中最典型的是Harris提出的假设检验方法;另一些研究者则提出用其他方法取代假设检验,其中尤为人们所强调的是效应值估计。在分析这两种取向的基础上,该文章指出最好的报告心理学实验结果的方法是置信区间,因为它能够把统计推断和效应估计整合在一起。     

Chronic social comparison elicits depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in male rats

Animal Cognition - Social comparison is a fundamental human characteristic; however, long-term social comparison may induce psychological stress and can lead to depression and anxiety. Recent...     

道教养生术门外谈

笔者高中遭逢三年困难时期,体质大亏,大学时乃特别注重体育锻炼,留心养生知识.壮年翻到道藏中的养生资料,就有一种邂逅老朋友的感觉.全国气功热期间,我也曾按图索骥,试着放松、入静,也似乎找到一点气感,以及某种虚化感,但说不上有什么明显的锻炼效果,似不如作作操、打打拳、跑跑步的痛快.     

Detrimental Effects of Newcomer Person-Job Misfit on Actual Turnover and Performance: The Buffering Role of Multidimensional Person-Environment Fit

Researchers of person–job (P-J) misfit have suggested that newcomers who “misfit” with their job often perform poorly and eventually leave the organization. However, no known studies have examined ways to alleviate the negative impacts of newcomers’ P-J misfit. Based on the theory of work adjustment and the spillover model of person–environment fit, we explore whether newcomers’ fit with the social context (i.e. person–group [P-G] and person–organization [P-O] fit) and interpersonal relationships (i.e. person–mentor [P-M] and person–supervisor [P-S] fit) can buffer the detrimental outcomes of newcomers’ P-J misfit. Using data from two field studies with time-lag and multi-source research designs, the results consistently show that: (1) newcomers’ P-G fit buffered the positive relationship between their initial N–S misfit and subsequent actual turnover, (2) newcomers’ P-M fit buffered the negative relationship between their initial D-A misfit and subsequent task performance. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.     

赵聿修:香港道教联合会第一任主席

赵聿修(1905～1974),名祖荫,字聿修,生于广东宝安县(今广东深圳),其家族据说出自宋太祖的四皇子赵德芳(民间文学中受人喜爱的"八贤王"的原型),父亲是一个有科举功名但并不富裕的小乡绅.聿修是兄弟七人中的老六,幼年困于生计,读书不多.     

斯特劳森的先验论证

先验论证论题是60年代以来的英美分析哲学界的一大热点和争论点。斯特劳森的先验论证出现在其描述的形而上学建构的最根本的方面诸如对概念图式、物质物体和他心等的论证当中,这突出地表明了先验论证作为一种形而上学的论证方法的性质。先验论证的目的在于确立经验的先天要素,试图通过建立概念之间的某种必然的联结而为形而上学奠基,同时它还具有一定的驳斥怀疑论的功能。     

马克思主义与生态:理论反思与现实考量的链接点——戴维·麦克莱伦访谈录

生态问题不仅是人与自然关系发展到一定历史阶段的产物,也是当前国内外学界的一个热点。其中,马克思主义生态思想的解读与阐发是当代马克思主义研究的理论前沿之一。为此,本文专访了国际知名马克思主义研究学者、也是中国学界的老朋友戴维·麦克莱伦教授。访谈主要围绕着麦克莱伦与以赛亚·伯林的思想关系、马克思的生态思想及其最新研究动态等展开讨论,并结合当下现实为我们作为马克思主义者思考如何构建人类文明共同体提供一个重要的思想视阈。