An Application of the Complier Average Causal Effect Analysis to Examine the Effects of a Family Intervention in Reducing Illicit Drug Use among High‐Risk Hispanic Adolescents

The Complier Average Causal Effect (CACE) method has been increasingly used in prevention research to provide more accurate causal intervention effect estimates in the presence of noncompliance. The purpose of this study was to provide an applied demonstration of the CACE analytic approach to evaluate the relative effects of a family‐based prevention intervention, Familias Unidas, in preventing/reducing illicit drug use for those participants who received the intended dosage. This study is a secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the relative efficacy of Familias Unidas with high‐risk Hispanic youth. A total of 242 high‐risk Hispanic youth aged 12–17 years and their primary caregivers were randomized to either Familias Unidas or Community Practice and assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months postbaseline. CACE models were estimated with a finite growth mixture model. Predictors of engagement were included in the CACE model. Findings indicate that, relative to the intent‐to‐treat (ITT) analytic approach, the CACE analytic approach yielded stronger intervention effects among both initially engaged and overall engaged participants. The CACE analytic approach may be particularly helpful for studies involving parent/family‐centered interventions given that participants may not receive the intended dosage. Future studies should consider implementing the CACE analysis in addition to ITT analysis when examining the effects of family‐based prevention programs to determine whether, and the extent to which, the CACE analysis has more power to uncover intervention effects.     

Levels of Family Systems Thinking: Differences Between Chinese and German Therapists

This study compares levels of systemic thinking between Chinese and German systemic family therapists when conceptualizing a clinical case. Furthermore, it explores the relationships between levels of systemic thinking and several variables of clinical training and practice. Eighty-two Chinese and seventy-six German systemic family therapists participated in this study. Significant differences in levels of systemic thinking and significant predictors for these levels were found. Limitations of this study and implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. This study is one of the first to compare the case conceptualizations between systemic family therapists in China and Germany.     

Effect of individual thinking styles on item selection during study time allocation

The influence of individual differences on learners' study time allocation has been emphasised in recent studies; however, little is known about the role of individual thinking styles (analytical versus intuitive). In the present study, we explored the influence of individual thinking styles on learners' application of agenda‐based and habitual processes when selecting the first item during a study‐time allocation task. A 3‐item cognitive reflection test (CRT) was used to determine individuals' degree of cognitive reliance on intuitive versus analytical cognitive processing. Significant correlations between CRT scores and the choices of first item selection were observed in both Experiment 1a (study time was 5 seconds per triplet) and Experiment 1b (study time was 20 seconds per triplet). Furthermore, analytical decision makers constructed a value‐based agenda (prioritised high‐reward items), whereas intuitive decision makers relied more upon habitual responding (selected items from the leftmost of the array). The findings of Experiment 1a were replicated in Experiment 2 notwithstanding ruling out the possible effects from individual intelligence and working memory capacity. Overall, the individual thinking style plays an important role on learners' study time allocation and the predictive ability of CRT is reliable in learners' item selection strategy.     

Stress Moderates the Association between Action Orientation and Goal Internalization

The purpose of this study is to examine whether stress moderates the association between action-state orientation and goal internalization. People estimated how autonomous (vs. controlled) they would feel if they pursued goals of either an extrinsic or an intrinsic type. Measures of action orientation and stressful life events were also taken. Results showed that autonomy of goal motive for action orientation was moderated by stress (failure-related and demanding) situation. Action-oriented people have less internalized goal than state-oriented people in stress situation. Implication for self-determination theory and action-control theory is discussed.     

重大突发事件下价值观与幸福感的变化:基于潜变量增长和交叉滞后模型

对1495名被试的价值观与幸福感进行了三个时间点的追踪研究,通过潜变量增长模型和交叉滞后回归模型,考察重大突发事件下价值观与幸福感的变化及其相互作用。结果发现:(1)T1到T3民众的自我超越价值观显著下降,保守和开放价值观显著上升;(2)T2到T3民众的幸福感显著下降;(3)T2自我超越价值观正向预测T3幸福感,T2自我增强价值观负向预测T3幸福感;(4)T2幸福感正向预测T3自我超越和保守价值观,负向预测T3自我增强和开放价值观。该结果为今后重大突发事件下的价值观引导提供了实证依据。     

我与另一个我:网络自我与现实自我的关系辨析

与现实自我相对,网络自我是个体在网络世界中的自我。在网络生活日益普及的今天,探讨网络自我与现实自我之间的关系具有重要意义。综合自我身份、外形及人格等方面的研究,可以得知网络自我在一定程度上是现实自我的虚拟投射,但对于一些容易受到社会评价的特征,个体会对网络自我进行适度的理想化。同时,网络平台属性以及用户个人特征都会影响网络自我与现实自我之间的关系。未来研究可以结合不同平台与场景、多种研究方法、在不同文化背景下对网络自我与现实自我之间的关系进行进一步探索。     

对齐法在单因子和三因子多组比较中允许的不等参数率

在传统的多组验证性因子分析中,进行因子均值比较的前提条件是模型满足强测量不变性假设,但该假设在实证研究中很难满足。这时,Asparouhov和Muthén(2014)提出的对齐法是一种可供备选的多组分析法。通过蒙特卡洛模拟研究,探究了在对齐法精确估计模型参数前提下所允许的不等参数率范围。研究发现：在平均组样本量充足,识别算法为固定识别算法等理想状态下,对齐法在单因子模型多组比较中所允许的不等参数率可以是100%;在三因子模型中所允许的不等参数率上限是20%至30%;在此范围内,对齐法允许更多高程度不等参数;在组数目从30、15或9降至3时,对齐法能允许更多的不等参数在模型中。     

儿童实用创造力发展及其与家庭环境的关系

以中小学生（9岁至16岁）为研究对象,采用实用创造性测验任务,探查了儿童创造力的发展以及家庭环境因素对于创造力的影响,并得到如下的结论：（1）儿童的创造力随年龄发展逐渐提高,但创造力新颖性、流畅性和变通性三个维度的发展并不均衡,流畅性和变通性在9至11岁期间比其他年龄阶段发展得更快;（2）家庭环境对于儿童的创造力有直接影响也有间接影响,其中间接影响是通过影响创造性态度而得以实现的。     

目标定向、自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系

以207名企业员工为研究对象,探讨了目标定向、自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系及自我效能感在目标定向和主观幸福感之间的中介作用。结果表明:学习目标定向、工作自我效能感和社交自我效能感均对主观幸福感有着显著的正向影响;主观幸福感对任务绩效有着显著的正向影响;同时,工作自我效能感在学习目标定向和主观幸福感之间起着完全中介作用。     

家长式领导与员工工作投入:心理授权的中介作用

对国内402名员工的关于家长式领导、工作投入和心理授权的问卷数据进行了分析,探索中国文化背景下组织特有的家长式领导与员工工作投入之间的关系及心理授权在二者关系中的中介作用。结果表明,家长式领导中的仁慈领导和威权领导两维度对员工工作投入有显著的预测作用;心理授权在仁慈领导和工作投入之间起着部分中介作用。