An improved stochastic EM algorithm for large-scale full-information item factor analysis

In this paper, we explore the use of the stochastic EM algorithm (Celeux & Diebolt (1985) Computational Statistics Quarterly, 2, 73) for large-scale full-information item factor analysis. Innovations have been made on its implementation, including an adaptive-rejection-based Gibbs sampler for the stochastic E step, a proximal gradient descent algorithm for the optimization in the M step, and diagnostic procedures for determining the burn-in size and the stopping of the algorithm. These developments are based on the theoretical results of Nielsen (2000, Bernoulli, 6, 457), as well as advanced sampling and optimization techniques. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and virtually tuning-free, making it scalable to large-scale data with many latent traits (e.g. more than five latent traits) and easy to use for practitioners. Standard errors of parameter estimation are also obtained based on the missing-information identity (Louis, 1982, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 44, 226). The performance of the algorithm is evaluated through simulation studies and an application to the analysis of the IPIP-NEO personality inventory. Extensions of the proposed algorithm to other latent variable models are discussed.     

How mindfulness affects benign and malicious envy from the perspective of the mindfulness reperceiving model

At present, mindfulness is a hotspot in psychological research. Mindfulness is an effective tool that enables people to effectively inhibit negative emotions. Previous studies have shown that envy is a typical negative emotion; however, envy can be divided into two completely different types: benign envy and malicious envy. The question then arises, how does mindfulness affect both types of envy? Using a mindfulness reperceiving model, we explored the effect of mindfulness on these two different types of envy and on the mediating mechanism of psychological resilience. To accomplish this, we recruited 676 Chinese undergraduates to complete the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BEMAS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The results we obtained showed that mindfulness and psychological resilience significantly and negatively predicted malicious envy and that psychological resilience played a partially mediating role in the relationship. In addition, the results showed that there was no significant effect between mindfulness and benign envy; however, psychological resilience can significantly and positively predict benign envy and played a completely mediating role between mindfulness and benign envy. These results effectively extend theories based on the mindfulness reperceiving model while also being important for promoting benign envy and inhibiting malicious envy in terms of improving mindfulness and psychological resilience.     

Shavinina的智能测评观述评

近来Shavinina等人通过一系列研究,提出了一种新的智能结构观,认为智能主要包含两个部分：认知经验和智能表现。在此基础上,他们分析了未来智能测验应遵循的一系列原则,并进行了初步的测验编制尝试,提出了一些富有创意的测验方法,如“完美计算机”、“概念整合”以及“问题建构”等测验。Shavinina等人所提出的新智能观以及关于智能测验的新技术具有很强的启发性,代表了智能研究的又一新方向。     

约纳斯的责任概念辨析

汉斯·约纳斯(Hans Jonas)是20世纪后半叶德国最深刻、最重要的哲学家之一.他通过<有机体与自由>和<责任原理>等著作,对科学技术进行了深刻的哲学批判与伦理论证.他的思想具备某种后现代的维度,并获得了世界性声誉.     

大学生心理压力应对方式特点的研究

本研究采用自编的大学生压力应对方式闯卷,考察了全国各地2007名大学生心理压力应对方式的特点。结果表明：(1)大学生压力应对方式问卷具有良好的内容效度和预测能力,内部一致性和测量稳定性理想;(2)大学生的压力应对方式总体上以心理调节机制为主,自我防御和外部疏导机制使用较少;(3)在压力的应对方式上,大一学生以外部求助、压抑、幻想和调整情绪方式为主,大二、大三学生以自我防御方式和总结经验为主,大四学生则较多采用心理调节机制的方式;(4)女生的应对方式比男生更积极,农村来源的大学生倾向于压抑自己和总结经验,城市来源的学生更喜欢宣泄压力,独生子女的应对方式以消极防御机制居多。     

返回抑制对工作记忆储存和目标维持的影响

将线索一靶子范式和N—Back变式结合,以工作记忆的记忆错误和侵入错误数为指标,探讨了返回抑制与工作记忆的储存和加工之间的关系,并对返回抑制的机制进行了深入探讨。结果表明,当记忆项目出现在线索化位置时,两种错误数均显著高于出现于非线索化位置的情况,但侵入错误的抑制效应只出现于长SOA条件。这揭示了返回抑制既影响工作记忆的储存又影响对任务目标的维持,也为返回抑制的注意说提供了新证据。     

两种世界观影响下的生涯咨询评估

自上世纪初逻辑实证主义影响下量的评估就一直在生涯咨询中占主导地位。近年来建构主义对生涯咨询的影响逐渐增加．质的评估越来越突出。文章立足于两种不同的世界观基础,比较了量和质的生涯评估模式及其特征,并探讨如何发展质的生涯评估过程。     

人-组织匹配研究的新进展

本文概述了国外关于人-组织匹配研究的最新发展。人-组织匹配简称P-O匹配,它强调组织成员的个人特征与组织特征之问的相容性。P-O匹配不仅使组织能更好地吸引、选拔和留住高素质人才。而且也有利于提高员工工作绩效和满意感。     

帝国汪洋中的"孤岛"--从清代四川看天主教在汉地的农耕社区

本文通过文献资料的发掘和实地考察,整理出清代四川天主教社区分布情况,归纳出教徒社区形成的三种模式:宗族繁衍型社区、乡邻同化型社区、教点扩张型社区.探讨整合社区的伦理、宗教、经济和政治的原则和方法.从历史上的民教纠纷中,提炼出教徒区与社会在宗教上的对抗.通过几个典型案例,看教徒区在清朝时期的稳定性与脆弱性.特殊背景下壮大起来的天主教社区,在改变了小群体的信仰的时候,也在制造社会的动荡、造成内部的撕裂.     

论康德的政治哲学

康德的"永久和平"(der ewige Friede)概念是其政治哲学的核心.在康德之前,马基亚维里、格劳秀斯、普芬道夫、博丹、霍布斯这些近代政治哲学和国际法学的奠基人都对永久和平的理想不屑一顾.只有圣·皮埃尔神甫的《欧洲永久和平的方案》和卢梭的和平观念构成了康德"永久和平"概念的直接源头.在《永久和平论》中,康德从自由的实践理性原则出发,并提出,共和国家的自由联盟是永久和平的基础,并给出了一整套关于世界公民权利的"世界公民主义"(Cosmopolitanism),给出了今天人们称之为"自由主义的国际主义"的哲学论证.这个思想对哈贝马斯和罗尔斯这些当代政治哲学家的思想产生了很大影响.