Is it culture or is it language? Examination of language effects in cross-cultural research on categorization

Differences in reasoning styles between Chinese and European Americans held even when controlling for the language of testing. Bilingual Chinese organized objects in a more relational and less categorical way than European Americans, whether tested in English or in Chinese. Thus, culture affects categorization independent of the testing language. Nevertheless, language affected some Chinese bilinguals' categorization. The responses of Chinese from the Mainland and Taiwan were more relational when tested in Chinese than when tested in English. Responses of Chinese from Hong Kong and Singapore were equally relational when tested in Chinese and in English. Age and context of learning English are discussed to explain the differential language effects among different Chinese groups. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.     

Interrogating and redefining the concept of consumer inertia

Through a historical analysis of the concept of inertia about its origination, definitions, and interpretations in the marketing context, this article presents the disagreements and debates on consumer inertia. In response, the authors redefine it by proposing clear definitions for two types of consumer inertia (CI1 and CI2). The reconceptualization clarifies the scope of consumer inertia and the role it plays in repeat purchase behavior. The conceptual models indicate the determinant and moderating factors of CI1 and CI2. The sequential development conceptual model of CI2 based on four dimensions (Cognitive Inertia, Affective Inertia, Conative Inertia, Action Inertia) deconstructs its mechanism. As for its relationship with loyalty, while type one inertia (CI1) leads to Spurious Loyalty, type two consumer inertia (CI2) can lead to either Loyalty, Latent Loyalty, Spurious Loyalty or No Loyalty. This study contributes to a better understanding of how consumer inertia works in repeat purchase behavior and provides some implications for future research and marketing practice.     

西北农村地区母亲抑郁与幼儿社交退缩:母亲回应性的中介作用

以甘肃省陇南市成县6所幼儿园301名农村幼儿及其母亲为研究对象,采用流调中心抑郁量表（CES-D）、母亲教养方式量表和Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL）分别考察母亲抑郁、母亲回应性和幼儿社交退缩的现状及相互关系。主要结果如下：（1）西北农村地区母亲抑郁发生率较高,父亲外出打工和贫困家庭的母亲抑郁发生率更高;（2）母亲抑郁与幼儿社交退缩行为显著正相关,母亲抑郁水平越高,幼儿社交退缩得分越高;（3）母亲敏感性和反应性与幼儿社交退缩显著负相关,母亲敏感性和反应性得分越高,幼儿社交退缩得分越低;（4）母亲反应性在母亲抑郁和幼儿社交退缩之间起部分中介作用。     

Social Network Mediation Analysis: A Latent Space Approach

Psychometrika - A social network comprises both actors and the social connections among them. Such connections reflect the dependence among social actors, which is essential for individuals’...     

不同班级环境类型对学生学校适应的影响

采用问卷法,考察了小学5年级到初中3年级38个教学班的班级环境及其对学生学校适应的影响。结果表明,班级环境可以归为3种类型：团结向上型、一般型和问题型。在学校喜欢、学习兴趣、学业效能感和自信心上,团结向上型班级的学生得分显著高于一般型和问题型班级的学生。班级环境对学生的学校喜欢、学业行为有显著的正向预测作用,对学校回避有显著的负向预测作用,对学业行为的间接作用大于其直接作用。     

Cultural Variations in Reasons for Advice Seeking

Five studies examined cultural differences in reasons for advice‐seeking behaviors. Content analyses in Study 1A and self‐ratings in Study 1B consistently revealed that Euro‐Canadians were more likely than East Asians (mainly Chinese) to seek advice for informational reasons, whereas East Asians were more likely than Euro‐Canadians to seek advice for relational reasons. Study 2A showed that Chinese displayed a higher level of relationship concern than Euro‐Canadians in deciding from whom to seek advice in a decision dilemma. Study 2B found that, although Chinese and Euro‐Canadians did not differ from each other on willingness to pay for informational advice, Chinese were willing to pay more for building a relationship with the advisor through advice seeking than Euro‐Canadians were. Study 3 explored how the advice giver might perceive an advice seeker in terms of their competence and the closeness of their relationship after advice was sought for various reasons. We found that relationally oriented advice seeking increased the perceived competence of the advice seeker among Chinese more than among Euro‐Canadians. Information‐oriented advice seeking increased the perceived closeness between the advice seeker and advice giver among Chinese more than among Euro‐Canadians. Implications for other aspects of advice exchange are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青少年社会支持与攻击的关系:自尊、自我控制的链式中介作用

采用社会支持系统量表、自尊量表、自我控制量表、攻击量表对重庆市某中学559名青少年进行调查,再次验证自尊与攻击的关系,并探讨自我控制在社会支持、自尊和攻击间的中介作用以及自尊和自我控制在青少年社会支持和攻击间的链式中介作用。结果显示：（1）社会支持、自尊和自我控制与攻击之间呈显著负相关;（2）自我控制在社会支持与攻击、自尊与攻击关系间均起着完全中介作用;（3）自尊与自我控制在社会支持与攻击关系间起着链式中介作用。因此,社会支持、自尊、自我控制是青少年攻击的重要影响因素,社会支持除了能直接影响青少年的攻击外,还可以通过自尊、自我控制的链式中介作用间接影响其攻击水平。     

依赖结构对信任行为的影响:基于互依理论的视角

信任是人际互动中的重要主题,受到诸多因素的影响,越来越多的研究者关注情境特征对信任的影响。以相互依赖理论为基础,操作依赖的相互性、依赖水平和利益协同,构建互动双方间不同的依赖结构,分析不同依赖结构对被试信任的影响。结果表明:(1)在双向依赖情境中被试的信任水平显著高于单向依赖情境;(2)单向依赖、低利益协同情境中,依赖水平对个体的信任行为有显著影响,双向依赖、高利益协同情境中,依赖水平对个体信任行为的影响不显著;(3)单向依赖、低依赖水平情境中,利益协同对信任行为有显著影响,双向依赖、高利益协同情境中,利益协同对信任行为影响不显著。     

家庭寄养对孤儿社会成长作用的研究

本研究采用了《中国心理卫生评定量表手册》中儿童社会适应量表、信任他人量表和自我容纳量表,并根据亲社会行为的心理学定义编制了亲社会行为量表。分别对福利院儿童和家庭寄养儿童进行了访谈。旨在分析家庭寄养是否有利于孤儿的社会性发展’。结果表明：(1)两组儿童在四个量表上的得分差异达到极其显著的水平,显示家庭寄养儿童在社会性发展上优于福利院儿童。(2)男性儿童似乎更易受环境变化的影响。(3)年龄这一直被认为对儿童的社会性发展有较大影响的因素在这里变得非常复杂,儿童在进入寄养家庭时的年龄大小可能有相当大的作用,这有待进一步的研究。     

心境一致性对大学生外显和内隐记忆影响的实验研究

以96名大一本科生为被试,采用120张情绪效价人物图片,运用加工分离范式研究心境一致性对大学生内隐记忆的影响。结果发现：（1）心境一致性效应不仅存在于外显记忆,而且也存在于内隐记忆;（2）心境一致性效应在外显记忆和内隐记忆上没有性别差异;（3）在心境一致性实验中,自然抑郁组被试可能存在外显记忆缺损。