童年期抑郁情绪发展的异质性与可预测性:2年追踪研究

以儿童抑郁量表为研究工具,对小学3到4年级771名儿童进行了2年的追踪研究。采用潜类别增长模型和终端结局潜发展模型,分别考察了童年期儿童抑郁情绪发展的亚群组类型,以及儿童抑郁情绪的发展特征对观察期结束时抑郁情绪的预测作用。结果表明：（1）童年期儿童的抑郁情绪发展呈现出三种不同的亚类型,即抑郁高风险组、抑郁低风险组和抑郁自愈组,各类型组人数比例分别为9.6%、53.4%和36.8%;（2）童年期儿童抑郁情绪的初始水平及其发展变化率均可以显著预测观察期结束时的抑郁情绪状况。童年期儿童抑郁情绪的早期监测工作有着重要的实践意义。     

Bayesian Diagnostics of Hidden Markov Structural Equation Models with Missing Data

Cocaine is a type of drug that functions to increase the availability of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. However, cocaine dependence or abuse is highly related to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and deficits in cognitive performance, attention, and decision-making abilities. Given the chronic and persistent features of drug addiction, the progression of abstaining from cocaine often evolves across several states, such as addiction to, moderate dependence on, and swearing off cocaine. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are well suited to the characterization of longitudinal data in terms of a set of unobservable states, and have increasingly been used to uncover the dynamic heterogeneity in progressive diseases or activities. However, the existence of outliers or influential points may misidentify the hidden states and distort the associated inference. In this study, we develop a Bayesian local influence procedure for HMMs with latent variables in the presence of missing data. The proposed model enables us to investigate the dynamic heterogeneity of multivariate longitudinal data, reveal how the interrelationships among latent variables change from one state to another, and simultaneously conduct statistical diagnosis for the given data, model assumptions, and prior inputs. We apply the proposed procedure to analyze a dataset collected by the UCLA center for advancing longitudinal drug abuse research. Several outliers or influential points that seriously influence estimation results are identified and removed. The proposed procedure also discovers the effects of treatment and individuals’ psychological problems on cocaine use behavior and delineates their dynamic changes across the cocaine-addiction states.     

Gain or non‐loss: The message matching effect of regulatory focus on moral judgements of other‐orientation lies

Previous studies found that individuals with promotion focus are more likely to be persuaded by messages framed in terms of gain‐related words; individuals with prevention focus are more likely to be persuaded by messages framed in terms of loss‐related words. This is known as the message matching effect of regulatory focus. The present study extended this effect into the field of moral judgement of other‐orientation lies. Two experiments were conducted, revealing that (a) individuals with promotion focus judged gain‐framed other‐orientation lies to be more moral, while individuals with prevention focus judged non‐loss‐framed other‐orientation lies to be more moral; and (b) the subjective processing fluency had a partial mediating role in the message matching effect. Theoretical implications and future research directions were discussed.     

结构方程在心理学研究中的应用

近年来,在教育、社会及心理学等研究领域,结构方程模型(SEM,Structural Equation Modeling)已成为重要的多变量分析方法,并日益受到广大研究者的重视。本文旨在对SEM作简要概述,并讨论其在心理学研究中的应用,以及在应用过程中应该遵循的标准和需要注意的一些问题。     

我国青少年学生现代化特征认识的比较研究

该研究采用问卷测查的方法,对广州、重庆、兰州等地城乡774名中小学生进行了社会现代化特征的调查.结果表明,我国青少年学生对现代化的理解基本正确,对现代化特征认识的涵盖面比较全面,但对现代化的负面影响缺乏必要的认识.此外,青少年学生的生活环境与教育经历很大程度影响着他们对现代化特征的认识面与着重点.     

铆题比例对等值精度的影响

在非等组铆测验设计中,铆题量占测验长度的多大比例比较合适,这个比例随测验长度的增大可否发生变化？这些是实际工作者和研究者非常关心的问题。该文在固定被试数和测验长度的条件下,探查铆题量所占测验长度比例（简称铆题比例）的变化对等值精度的影响,讨论了在实际等值中如何在等值精度和铆题比例之间取得平衡的问题。并在模拟研究的条件下,给出了几个反应实际等值精度的指标。     

“饮食自然”：道教饮食养生思想浅论

在现代社会,道教的饮食养生文化受到了大众的普遍关注.然而,这不单单是因为道教中积累了大量的可供今人借鉴、利用的饮食方法和技术.实际上,道教的核心饮食养生思想及原则,更彰显出了其永久性的价值和魅力.从某种意义而言,更加清晰、深入地了解道教饮食养生思想内核,并把握其内在的科学精神实质,是进一步把道教饮食养生文化发扬光大的重要前提之一.     

Matteo Ricci's teaching on the goodness of human nature: its Thomistic and neo-Confucian sources

The Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci's teaching on the goodness of human nature in The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven represents the fruit of the first encounter between Catholicism and Confucianism. This article will consider the Thomistic and neo-Confucian sources in Ricci's enunciation of the Catholic doctrine on the goodness of human nature in this Chinese catechism. It will illustrate that Ricci developed his teaching, which is fundamentally Thomistic, with the help of terminology borrowed from the Chinese philosophical tradition. His distinction between the good of nature and the good of virtue leads to prioritising the cultivation of human nature. Ricci's teaching reflects the early modern Jesuits’ appreciation of human freedom. It also displays a Catholic reaction to the sixteenth-century neo-Confucian intellectual trend that ignored the importance of moral cultivation.     

童年中晚期友谊质量与抑郁的关系:一项纵向研究

以友谊质量问卷和儿童抑郁量表为研究工具,对小学3到4年级847名儿童进行了18个月的追踪研究,采用交叉滞后的研究设计,考察了童年中晚期友谊质量与抑郁的关系。结果表明：（1）同一时间点的友谊质量和抑郁之间呈显著的负相关;（2）早期的友谊质量可以显著预测随后的抑郁,早期的抑郁也可以显著预测随后的友谊质量,且相对于友谊质量对抑郁的积极作用,抑郁对儿童友谊质量的瓦解作用更为突出;（3）童年中晚期友谊质量与抑郁的双向作用关系具有跨性别稳定性。