Microstructure and martensitic transformation behaviors of a Ti–Ni–Hf–Cu high-temperature shape memory alloy ribbon

The Ti₃₆Ni₄₁Hf₁₅Cu₈ melt-spun ribbon undergoes a B2 ? B19′ transformation upon cooling and heating. When the Ti₃₆Ni₄₁Hf₁₅Cu₈ melt-spun ribbon is annealed at 873 K for 1 h, the spherical (Ti, Hf)₂Ni particles with a diameter of 20–40 nm precipitate in the grain interior. The fine (Ti, Hf)₂Ni precipitates improve the stability of phase transformation temperatures and cause martensite domains, with (001) compound twins in three orientations dominant instead of (011) type I twins. {111}-, {113}- and (001)//{111}-type boundaries are observed among these martensite domains. When the (Ti,Hf)₂Ni precipitates coarsen, (011) type I twins become main martensite structures in the ribbon annealed at 973 K for 1 h.     

Career adaptability and proactive work behaviour: A relational model

Research on career adaptability has found that it helps people adapt at work. However, in modern uncertain and dynamic work environment, people need to perform proactive work behaviour to ensure individual effectiveness. Thus, to understand how career adaptability advances career development, it is necessary to examine its influences on proactive work behaviour. Adopting a relational perceptive, the current paper proposed leader-member exchange and perceived coworker support as the mediators and future work self salience as a moderator. Data were collected with a three-wave design in China. Findings largely supported the propositions, albeit showing partial mediation effects. This study extends existing understandings of the role of career adaptability at work, provides a new perspective about why it influences work-related outcomes and enriches the knowledge about the antecedents of proactive work behaviour.     

有关开设思维能力训练课程对中学生智能水平影响的实验研究

本实验探讨思维能力训练课程对于中学生(初一和高一)智能的影响。实验历时三个月,12课时。结果表明:中学生在掌握了一定的思维策略后,能够在较短的时间内提高其智能水平;在一定的范围内思维能力训练效果是可以迁移的;性别、年龄差异对训练效果没有显著影响;学生原有的智能水平与训练效果之间存在着交互作用。     

The cross-cultural generalizability of Axis-II constructs: an evaluation of two personality disorder assessment instruments in the People's Republic of China

We examined the reliability, cross-instrument validity, and factor structure of Chinese adaptations of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+; N = 1,926) and Personality Disorders Interview (PDI-IV; N = 525) in psychiatric patients. Comparisons with data from Western countries suggest that the psychometric properties of these two instruments are comparable across cultures. Low to modest agreement between the PDQ-4+ and PDI-IV was observed for both dimensional and categorical personality disorder evaluations. When the PDI-IV was used as the diagnostic standard, the PDQ-4+ showed higher sensitivity than specificity, and higher negative predictive power than positive predictive power. Factor analyses of both instruments replicated the four-factor structure O'Connor and Dyce (1998) found in Western samples. Results suggested that conceptions and measures of DSM-IV personality disorders are cross-culturally generalizable to Chinese psychiatric populations.     

童年期抑郁情绪发展的异质性与可预测性:2年追踪研究

以儿童抑郁量表为研究工具,对小学3到4年级771名儿童进行了2年的追踪研究。采用潜类别增长模型和终端结局潜发展模型,分别考察了童年期儿童抑郁情绪发展的亚群组类型,以及儿童抑郁情绪的发展特征对观察期结束时抑郁情绪的预测作用。结果表明：（1）童年期儿童的抑郁情绪发展呈现出三种不同的亚类型,即抑郁高风险组、抑郁低风险组和抑郁自愈组,各类型组人数比例分别为9.6%、53.4%和36.8%;（2）童年期儿童抑郁情绪的初始水平及其发展变化率均可以显著预测观察期结束时的抑郁情绪状况。童年期儿童抑郁情绪的早期监测工作有着重要的实践意义。     

童年期儿童应对方式发展的成因:特质论还是情境论？

为了探讨童年期儿童应对方式发展的成因,本研究以应对方式问卷和心理素质量表为研究工具,对355名小学三年级学生进行了2年追踪调查。考察了不同应对方式在学业困难情境和同伴冲突情境下的发展轨迹,以及特质性因素心理素质对于不同应对方式发展的影响。结果表明：（1）童年期儿童的积极应对方式在学业困难和同伴冲突情境中有着不同的发展轨迹,而消极应对方式在学业和人际情境中有着相同的发展轨迹。（2）特质因素心理素质在不同的时间均可以显著预测童年期儿童的积极或消极应对方式。这说明童年期儿童应对方式的发展是情境因素和特质因素共同作用的结果。     

Hostility and quality of life among Hispanics/Latinos in the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if hostility is associated with physical and mental health-related quality of life (QoL) in US. Hispanics/Latinos after accounting for depression and anxiety.

Methods: Analyses included 5313 adults (62% women, 18–75 years) who completed the ancillary sociocultural assessment of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale, Spielberger Trait Anger Scale, Cook–Medley Hostility cynicism subscale and Short Form Health Survey. In a structural regression model, associations of hostility with mental and physical QoL were examined.

Results: In a model adjusting for age, sex, disease burden, income, education and years in the US., hostility was related to worse mental QoL, and was marginally associated with worse physical QoL. However, when adjusting for the influence of depression and anxiety, greater hostility was associated with better mental QoL, and was not associated with physical QoL.

Conclusions: Results indicate observed associations between hostility and QoL are confounded by symptoms of anxiety and depression, and suggest hostility is independently associated with better mental QoL in this population. Findings also highlight the importance of differentiating shared and unique associations of specific emotions with health outcomes.     

我国青少年学生现代化特征认识的比较研究

该研究采用问卷测查的方法,对广州、重庆、兰州等地城乡774名中小学生进行了社会现代化特征的调查.结果表明,我国青少年学生对现代化的理解基本正确,对现代化特征认识的涵盖面比较全面,但对现代化的负面影响缺乏必要的认识.此外,青少年学生的生活环境与教育经历很大程度影响着他们对现代化特征的认识面与着重点.     

精神分裂症患者团体绘画艺术干预

探讨团体绘画艺术治疗对精神分裂症患者生理、心理和社会功能康复效果。86名精神分裂症住院患者被随机分配到干预组或对照组。干预组被试接受团体绘画艺术干预活动,对照组从事其他康复活动。结果发现,干预组被试阳性与阴性症状量表总分低于对照组被试,大体评定量表分数高于对照组被试,自我概念总分高于对照组被试,生活质量问卷的躯体功能、心理功能和社会功能维度高于对照组被试。团体绘画艺术干预可以缓解精神分裂症患者的精神症状,促进患者自我概念和生活质量的提升。