王凤仪“性理疗病”学术思想概述

王凤仪"性理疗病"学说为一百多年前宝贵的民间医学治疗理论,其与传统的儒家哲学思想、经典中医理论相吻合,又切合当今医学界对健康模式的认识。从该学说的理论基础、治则治法、预后调理及与儒家思想、中医思想的相关性上简述其学说内涵。     

Tomasello关于语言获得的建构观

Michael Tomasello提出的用法建构语言获得理论认为儿童语言获得是一个以用法为基础、以功能为引导的逐步建构过程,而个体语言获得又以种系遗传的生物基础和文化历史积淀下来的语言环境为前提。本文在皮亚杰经典建构主义的框架下探讨Tomasello关于语言获得的建构观。     

场依存—独立认知方式干扰抑制的比较

采用镶嵌图形测验筛选出28名被试完成Stroop干扰任务,探讨场依存—独立认知方式的个体在信息加工过程中对无关信息干扰抑制机制的特点和差异。结果表明：（1）场独立者在认知加工中具有较场依存者更强的对无关信息干扰的抑制效能。（2）在Stroop任务中,对字色也存在自动化加工,只是自动化程度较低。     

急性心理应激对不同人格类型大学生TNF-α和IL-6的影响

以56名大学生为研究对象,用艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）进行测试,用公共演讲作为应激源,用放射免疫法测定血清肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）的含量,旨在探讨急性心理应激对不同人格类型大学生免疫功能的影响。实验结果发现：与对照组相比,急性心理应激后内向组和情绪稳定组TNF-α的明显升高,其余变化均不显著。这说明急性心理应激引起内向、情绪稳定的个体自然免疫增强的现象较明显,而对外向、情绪不稳定个体的作用不明显。     

Parametrically Dissociating Speech and Nonspeech Perception in the Brain Using fMRI

Candidate brain regions constituting a neural network for preattentive phonetic perception were identified with fMRI and multivariate multiple regression of imaging data. Stimuli contrasted along speech/nonspeech, acoustic, or phonetic complexity (three levels each) and natural/synthetic dimensions. Seven distributed brain regions' activity correlated with speech and speech complexity dimensions, including five left-sided foci [posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), angular gyrus, ventral occipitotemporal cortex, inferior/posterior supramarginal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus (MFG)] and two right-sided foci (posterior STG and anterior insula). Only the left MFG discriminated natural and synthetic speech. The data also supported a parallel rather than serial model of auditory speech and nonspeech perception.     

社会心理学视角下权力理论的发展与比较

权力作为人类社会的基本特征之一, 一直受到社会心理学家的关注, 实证研究成果丰硕, 理论构建也日益完善。首先, 权力从结构变量发展为心理变量, 有外显、内隐之分, 控制感是其核心要素。其次, 社会心理学领域最具代表性的3个权力理论为“接近-抑制理论”、“情境聚焦理论”和“社会距离理论”, 它们的理论基础各异, 关注的现象却存在交集。最后, 未来的权力研究可以从以下3个方向改进：(1)关注文化、动机、自我卷入等因素; (2)区别社会权力和个人权力; (3)融合各领域观点; (4)丰富研究方法, 以促进理论的发展。     

基于认知诊断的被试类比推理测验行为分析

本文在构建被试解题路径模型的基础上,应用多策略多成分潜在特质模型研究被试类比推理测验的行为,精细地分析了被试在类比推理过程中所使用的策略、分析了影响被试类比推理测验策略选择的因素、估计了被试在类比推理测验中所表现的各种能力.     

Spatial Correspondence Learning is Critical for the Sequence Effects of Symbolic Cueing

Attention orienting has been found to be influenced by the previous cueing status in a spatial cueing paradigm. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cue predictive values or the spatial correspondence learning between cues and targets could influence the sequence effect of symbolic cueing. The findings revealed that the predictive values of arrow or word cues do not lead to different sequence effects, but that visually asymmetrical letter cues, which allow spatial correspondence learning between cues and targets, induce stronger sequence effects than visually symmetrical letter cues. In addition, visually symmetrical directional word cues can induce sequence effects. The results suggest that spatial correspondence learning, although not obligatory, is critical for the sequence effects of symbolic cueing. The findings support the feature‐integration hypothesis, rather than the strategic adjustments account.     

ERP Evidence for the Activation of Syntactic Structure During Comprehension of Lexical Idiom

The present study used event-related potentials to investigate whether the syntactic structure was activated in the comprehension of lexical idioms, and if so, whether it varied as a function of familiarity and semantic transparency. Participants were asked to passively read the “1+2” structural Chinese lexical idioms with each being presented following 3–5 contextual “1+2” (congruent-structure condition) or “2+1” structural Chinese phrases (incongruent-structure condition). The N400 ERP responses showed more positivity in congruent-structure condition relative to incongruent-structure condition in idioms with high familiarity and high semantic transparency, but less positivity in congruent-structure condition in idioms with high familiarity but low semantic transparency, idioms with low familiarity but high semantic transparency, and idioms with low familiarity and low semantic transparency. Our results suggest that syntactic structure, as the unnecessarity of lexical idiomatic words, was nevertheless activated, independent of familiarity and semantic transparency.     

Math-gender stereotypes and career intentions: an application of expectancy–value theory

Exposure to negative math-gender stereotypes undermines the intentions of female college students to engage in careers in the math field, yet the mechanisms by which such stereotypes relate to girls’ career intentions remain unclear. We simultaneously tested multiple mediators in a sample of 186 female students from one high school in central China. Participants completed five questionnaires that measured mathematics-related gender stereotypes, competence beliefs, task value, sexual attraction beliefs and career intentions. The path analysis results indicated that math-gender stereotypes were negatively related to adolescent girls’ career intentions in math fields through negative relationships with students’ mathematics-related competence beliefs, task value and sexual attraction beliefs. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for theory and educational practice.