Neural underpinnings of the relationships between sensation seeking and emotion regulation in adolescents

There is little neurological evidence linking sensation seeking and emotion regulation in adolescence, which is characterised as an emotionally fluctuant period. The present study examined the relationship between sensation seeking and emotion regulation in adolescents. Electroencephalograms were recorded from 22 high sensation-seeking adolescents (HSSs, M_age = 12.36) and 24 low sensation-seeking adolescents (LSSs, M_age = 12.84) during the reactivity and regulation-image task. Group differences in event-related brain potentials (ERPs) associated with the regulation of negative and neutral stimuli were analysed. The results showed that (a) the P2 of HSSs were larger than LSSs during emotion regulation; (b) in down-regulation conditions, the LPP in all time windows were smaller than no-regulation in LSSs. However, there was no significant difference in HSSs; (c) the LPP 300–600 and LPP 1000–1500 of down-regulation were smaller in LSSs than HSSs; (d) for LPP 600–1000, HSSs induced larger LPP than LSSs in the negative down-regulation and negative no-regulation conditions. The results provide neurological evidence that higher sensation seeking is related to the high reactivity to emotional stimuli and poor cognitive control during the regulation of emotions.     

‘Beyond A- and B-Time’ Reconsidered

This article is a response to Clifford Williams’s claim that the debate between A- and B theories of time is misconceived because these theories do not differ. I provide some missing support for Williams’s claim that the B-theory includes transition, by arguing that representative B-theoretic explanations for why we experience time as passing (even though it does not) are inherently unstable. I then argue that, contra Williams, it does not follow that there is nothing at stake in the A- versus B debate.     

关于道德与政治哲学视野中的法律哲学的对话(上)

Joseph Raz has been dedicated to using the philosophies of mind and of action to explain the nature of normativity. By the same token, his research on jurisprudence and the nature of law has been rooted in his use of the context of the philosophy of practical reason to explain the normativity of law, namely,the relation between law and morality. Our understanding of the Razian philosophy of law thus cannot be divorced from his research on moral and political philosophies. Our dialogue with Joseph Raz will h...     

大学生心理需求网络满足问卷的编制

从大学生网络使用可满足的心理需求出发,通过对网络成瘾者的深入访谈发展出与大学生网络使用有关的心理需求结构,编制了大学生心理需求网络满足问卷,分别选取418名和1183名大学生对问卷进行预试和正式施测,结果表明：（1）大学生心理需求网络满足问卷由权力、认同、迎接挑战、人际交往、逃避现实、自主、认知和成就等8种需求构成,问卷具有较好的结构效度和信度;（2）验证性因素分析结果表明大学生心理需求网络满足问卷的结构合理,模型拟合较好;（3）大学生网络使用的心理需求问卷和心理需求现实满足问卷与心理需求网络满足问卷具有相同的结构,其信度和效度达到了心理测量学的要求;（4）网络成瘾大学生和非成瘾大学生的心理需求并不存在显著差异,但网络成瘾大学生心理需求的现实满足程度显著低于非成瘾大学生,而网络满足程度显著高于非成瘾大学生,说明问卷具有较好的区分效度。这一结果同时提示在大学生网络成瘾中可能存在心理需求网络满足补偿机制。     

谁代表了应用伦理学的“本质”？——对《究竟是“无本质”，还是“无根据”？》一文的答复

本文仅对甘绍平教授《究竟是“无本质”,还是“无根据”?》一文中值得讨论的几个观点作了回应。     

基于空间和基于物体的选择注意在信号检测中的作用

先前的研究认为基于空间和基于物体的注意选择都是存在的,但是很少有研究探讨这两者的关系,即两者是存在交互作用还是单独作用的。因此本研究采用Egly等修正的线索提示实验范式,探讨基于物体和基于空间的注意选择机制在信号检测任务中的关系。实验采用2(两种物体)×2(两种空间)×3(有效线索、物体内无效线索和物体间无效线索)的被试内设计。16名大学生被试参加实验。结果表明:(1)对有效线索的反应快于无效线索,且物体内无效线索快于物体间无效线索;(2)在不同材料之间,两类无效线索反应时之差存在显著差异;(3)空间因素和物体因素的作用是独立的。结论提示:基于空间和基于物体的选择性注意都是存在的,且两者独立作用于注意的选择过程。     

强迫症患者反应抑制缺陷及注意的调节作用

使用内外源线索结合不同冲突水平的侧抑制任务,考察强迫症患者对分心刺激的抑制有无缺陷、注意定向对分心刺激的干扰效应有无调节作用及在何水平上发挥作用。结果表明:强迫症患者不同冲突水平的侧抑制任务均无明显反应抑制缺陷,可能与其注意威胁性信息等有关;集中注意在知觉冲突水平上对强迫症患者和正常人的反应冲突进行调节且无显著性差异,可能与强迫症患者关注内容非空间定向有关。     

姻亲关系与姻亲冲突下伴侣支持与婚姻质量的关系

姻亲关系是婚姻家庭生活中的重要议题,但研究却较少涉及。本研究以选自四川及重庆城市和乡镇的341对夫妻为被试,采用问卷调查的方法考察姻亲关系与夫妻婚姻质量间的关系,并检验姻亲冲突下伴侣支持在其中的调节作用。结果表明:我国夫妻的姻亲关系普遍处于中等偏上的状态,妻子的姻亲关系问题显著多于丈夫,但受到的姻亲冲突下伴侣支持显著少于丈夫;丈夫和妻子报告的姻亲关系均能显著正向预测自身的婚姻质量,丈夫报告的姻亲关系还能显著正向预测妻子婚姻质量;妻子受到的姻亲冲突下伴侣支持在妻子报告的姻亲关系与其婚姻质量间起调节作用,高伴侣支持可以减缓姻亲关系对婚姻质量的消极影响。     

Transmission of Educational Outcomes Across Three Generations: Evidence From Migrant Workers’ Children in China

The migration of parents or children may bring risks to children’s academic performance, but intergenerational effects on the academic performance of migrant workers’ children have been underexplored. This study aims to investigate how grandparents’ socioeconomic status (G1) and parents’ proximal and distal socioeconomic status (G2) influence the academic performance of migrant workers’ children (G3) and the corresponding impacts on the academic performance of migrant and left-behind children. The data used in this study were collected from a survey of 2017 migrant workers conducted in 13 districts and cities of 7 provinces of China in 2014. The results of ordered logistic regression models indicate that G1 grandparent socioeconomic status is positively associated with G2 academic performance and education level. Similarly, G2 parental academic performance and education level are positively linked to G3 academic performance. Parental distal academic performance and education level play an important role in G3 academic performance, but grandparents’ socioeconomic status is not significantly associated with G3 academic performance while controlling for both G1 and G2 variables. In addition, the influence of grandparents’ and parents’ socioeconomic status differs between migrant and left-behind children. Grandparent and parental occupation status only have a significant impact on left-behind children. The educational reproduction of migrant workers’ children has different logics among migrant and left-behind children. Further policies and social services are required to improve the development of migrant workers’ children.

     

VDT屏面亮度和文件背景照度对视觉核读作业的影响

研究VDT屏面亮度和文件背景照度对视觉核读作业的影响效应。以核读速度、限肌调节辐合时间和主观舒适性为测评指标。结果上述三项指标均随VDT屏面亮度和文件背景照度的变化而发生变化。结论推荐VDT屏面亮度的合适范围为15～20cd／m^2,文件背景照度的合适范围为300～450lux。VDT屏而亮度与背景照度水平的匹配性也应加以考虑。