认知诊断Q矩阵估计(修正)方法

Q矩阵代表着项目考察的属性, 反映了项目的重要特征, 其正确性是影响认知诊断分类准确性的关键因素。研究Q矩阵估计(修正)方法具有重要价值。首先, 研究从是否采用认知诊断模型将Q矩阵估计(修正)分为基于认知诊断模型视角下的参数化方法和基于统计视角下的非参数方法。然后, 分别从最优项目质量、最优模型数据拟合和参数估计视角对它们进行分类介绍, 评析不同方法的特征和表现、区别与联系、优势与不足。最后, 提出几个未来研究问题：在复杂测验条件下系统比较各种方法; 校准知识状态和参数估计误差、结合多种思路和方法等多角度提出Q矩阵估计(修正)方法; 研究多级评分项目、混合测验模型、属性多级、属性个数未知甚至Q矩阵元素为连续变量等条件下的Q矩阵估计(修正)方法。     

Logic for Describing Strong Belief-Disagreement Between Agents

The result of an interaction is influenced by its epistemic state, and several epistemic notions are related to multiagent situations. Strong belief-disagreement on a certain proposition between agents means that one agent believes the proposition and the other believes its negation. This paper presents a logical system describing strong belief-disagreement between agents and demonstrates its soundness and completeness. The notion of belief-disagreement as well as belief-agreement can facilitate gaining a clearer understanding of the acts of trade and speech.     

Asymmetric goal contagion: Social power attenuates goal contagion among strangers

Goal contagion is an important interpersonal process. As people spontaneously infer and adopt others' goals, goals can be said to “flow” among individuals. We find that possessing power attenuates goal contagion, especially for high perspective takers. In a pilot study (N = 157), we first affirmed the interpersonal nature of goal contagion by establishing that high (vs. low) perspective takers were more likely to engage in goal contagion. We then tested the moderating role of power in two studies. In both neutral (Study 1, N = 179) and low power (Study 2, N = 304) conditions, we replicated the pattern in the pilot study. In the high power conditions, however, neither low nor high perspective takers engaged in goal contagion. Our findings suggest that goals flow asymmetrically from the powerful to the powerless, which may constitute an important means through which power hierarchy and group cohesion are maintained.     

Dynamics between Member Replacement and Team Performance: The Role of Members’ Relative Attributes

Analysing the 367 member replacement acts in the 2014 FIFA World Cup tournament, we uncover important dynamics between member replacement and team performance. We find that poor team performance leads to substitutions with more competence gains (or with less competence loss), that substituting and substituted members’ functional background dissimilarity improves subsequent content‐related team performance (i.e. scoring more goals), and that their competence superiority is associated with the speed of team performance turnaround (i.e. scoring goals faster). Going beyond contrasts between teams with and without membership change, the paper highlights the importance of substituting and substituted members’ relative task‐related attributes and provides a more nuanced understanding of the complex phenomenon of team membership change. Furthermore, the paper extends the methodological spectrum of dynamic team composition research from predominantly laboratory experiments with short‐lived student groups performing cognitive tasks to field studies with real‐life work teams performing action tasks.     

Linking Job Work Hours to Women’s Physical Health: The Role of Perceived Unfairness and Household Work Hours

Although the relationship between job work hours and women’s physical health has been examined, limited empirical research examines the family demand conditions that explain this relationship. Given the challenge of integrating work and family demands, we examine the boundary conditions under which job hours relate to women’s physical health by integrating the influences of household work hours, perceived unfairness of division of household labor, and traditional gender ideology. Using a large, multi-national archival dataset, our results show that women working long job hours are more likely to report decreased physical health and that this relationship is moderated by the hours and fairness perceptions of household labor: The lowest physical health was observed at high job hours and high household hours and also when women felt that they did less than their fair share of household labor. However, looking at the slopes of these relationships, the negative relationship between job hours and physical health was stronger when women worked lower household hours or felt that they contributed less than their fair share of household labor—suggesting that maintaining a contribution to household labor might be important for working women. Furthermore, these results suggest that policy and organizational interventions aimed at supporting women’s physical health could take their household labor contributions and fairness perceptions into account when assessing the negative impact of high job work hours.     

Response styles in factual items: Personal,contextual and cultural correlates

This study investigated response styles in factual items and explored their associations with personal, contextual and cultural factors. Responses on various factual questions, cognitive tests and interviewers' observational data from a total of 152,514 respondents in 22 countries in the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) were analysed. Indexes of extreme, midpoint and acquiescent response styles were extracted from Likert‐scale and dichotomous responses of factual items. A general response style (GRS) with a positive loading of extreme response style and negative loadings of midpoint and acquiescent response styles was confirmed. This factor showed a similar cross‐cultural patterning as another general factor from attitudinal and self‐evaluative items of Likert scales in a previous study, which indicated the pervasiveness of response styles irrespective of types of survey items. In a multilevel analysis, the individual‐level GRS was found to be negatively related to being male, educational level and literacy competency, and positively related to 3rd‐person presence and background noise, and at country level negatively associated with socioeconomic development. Cross‐level interactions were also found. Implications on the pervasiveness and nature of response styles are discussed.     

Employee-sharing and consumers' brand attitudes during COVID-19: A CSR perspective

The rapid proliferation of COVID-19 has dealt a heavy blow to many companies. Under these circumstances, employee-sharing has become a valuable strategy to help enterprises resume work and production. Based on the event system theory, we explored the impact of employee-sharing event strength on consumers' brand attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic through a corporate social responsibility (CSR) lens. Also, we verified that employee-sharing event strength during the COVID-19 pandemic positively affected consumers' internal (ICSR) and external (ECSR) perceptions of enterprises, improving consumers' brand attitudes and validating the positive moderating effect of customer-company identification. Thus, this study provides theoretical insights and managerial implications for CSR.     

高等医学院校综合性通识课程内容的构建

21世纪是通识教育与专业教育逐步走向综合的世纪,而综合性通识课程内容的构建则是通识课程改革的关键。为了有助于我国医学院校构建综合性通识课程,通过对不同国家和地区综合性通识课程内容的组织、设计和实施的分析,探讨了高等医学院校综合性通识课程内容的构建。     

增殖和凋亡的单独与联合检测对垂体瘤侵袭性诊断的价值

垂体瘤是颅内常见的良性肿瘤,但却存在着较高的复发率.Jefferson于1940年提出侵袭性垂体腺瘤的概念,认为这部分垂体腺瘤的生物学行为介于良性垂体瘤和垂体癌之间.随后人们从分子生物学、病理学等多个角度对侵袭性腺瘤的发病机制进行了探讨,以期寻找到特异性的侵袭性指标.众所周知,细胞增殖能力的增强和凋亡的抑制是导致肿瘤恶性生物学行为的重要机制.但对垂体瘤的研究却发现有为数不少的侵袭性垂体腺瘤并不呈现高细胞增殖状态,而凋亡的研究则更是出现了不同甚至相反的结果,那到底是什么原因导致了侵袭性的形成呢?本文从细胞增殖和凋亡各自的临床意义以及其联合检测的角度探讨侵袭性的确切机制.     

方位和视空间工作记忆广度对空间情境模型更新的影响

该研究采用混合实验设计,以含有空间信息的语篇为实验材料,选取32名不同视空间工作记忆广度的大学生作为被试,考察方位和视空间工作记忆广度对空间情境模型更新的影响。研究发现:方位对空间情境模型更新的影响是显著的,视空间工作记忆广度对模型更新后的左右方位的判断有显著影响。研究验证了方位效应的稳定性,发现了视空间工作记忆广度对空间情境模型更新的影响。