阅读中文时信息整合的即时性

通过两个实验对中文语篇理解中相关背景信息的激活与整合到底是即时发生抑或延时进行这一问题进行了探讨。研究所用的阅读材料都包含一个目标句,它与局部语境一致,但与前文提供的背景信息冲突或无关。实验一采用自定步速逐行阅读技术,考察了一致性条件以及句子结束的标记（即句号）是否存在对目标句阅读时间的影响。结果发现,句子结束的标记是否存在并不影响目标句整合加工的进行。实验二运用眼动追踪技术着重探讨信息整合加工能否在目标句关键区中即时进行,实验条件仍为当前信息与背景信息的一致性,重点考察其对目标句中关键前区、关键区及关键后区的作用。结果表明,自变量的操纵导致关键区中反映初次加工的指标产生可靠的效应。这一结果表明中文语篇理解中整合加工的过程开始得非常迅速,是一个即时引发、而非延时进行的过程     

大五人格与绩效：团队水平的研究

众多研究表明,大五人格能够有效预测工作情境中的个体绩效。随着团队研究的广泛开展,团队人格特征与团队绩效的关系也得到了重视。本文在简单回顾个体水平的研究结果的基础上,着重介绍团队大五人格特征与团队绩效以及关系绩效之间关系的研究;阐述从个体特质到团队特征的整合方法和依据;最后指出现有研究存在的以及未来研究需要关注的四个问题     

阅读理解困难儿童的认知加工

阅读理解困难是阅读障碍的一个主要类型,近年来受到西方研究者的重视。阅读理解认知加工,核心是有层次的语义加工,理解困难儿童在词汇语义加工和篇章推理和整合上都存在落后。理解困难儿童的信息推理水平落后,可能原因来自两个方面：一方面是语音工作记忆缺陷导致推理加工能力缺陷,另一方面是阅读元认知缺陷导致阅读目的和理解监控发展不正常。这些缺陷之间复杂的关系,还需要进一步研究     

Eye-hand span and coding of text during copytyping.

Concurrent oculomotor and manual activities during copytyping were examined to determine whether (a) typists keep the eyes 1-s ahead of the executed keypress, (b) control of eye-hand (E-H) coordination follows the lexical representation of to-be-typed text, and (c) typists seek visual information beyond the boundaries of the fixated word. To-be-typed text contained high- and low-frequency target words that were either short or long. Two viewing conditions were used revealing either the directly fixated word only or the fixated word plus the next word in the text. The results showed no support for the 1-s E-H lag hypothesis. The E-H span was also not affected by the visibility of text but was a function of word frequency, suggesting that E-H coordination follows the lexical representation of text. Effects of window size indicated that typists seek visual information beyond the boundaries of the fixated word.     

An exploratory analysis of the latent structure of process data via action sequence autoencoders

Computer simulations have become a popular tool for assessing complex skills such as problem-solving. Log files of computer-based items record the human–computer interactive processes for each respondent in full. The response processes are very diverse, noisy, and of non-standard formats. Few generic methods have been developed to exploit the information contained in process data. In this paper we propose a method to extract latent variables from process data. The method utilizes a sequence-to-sequence autoencoder to compress response processes into standard numerical vectors. It does not require prior knowledge of the specific items and human–computer interaction patterns. The proposed method is applied to both simulated and real process data to demonstrate that the resulting latent variables extract useful information from the response processes.     

Time-of-day effects on response of natural killer cells to acute stress in men and women.

Diurnal influences on natural killer (NK) cell changes to acute stress were assessed in 21 men and 21 women assigned to either an acute stress (mental arithmetic) or control task condition. Sessions began at either 8 a.m. or 2 p.m. Number of NK (CD3-CD56+) cells and NK activity were measured at baseline, during the 5-min task, and 60 and 90 min after the task. Both morning and afternoon stress participants had elevated NK cell numbers during the task. After the task, number of NK cells decreased in morning stress participants but remained significantly above baseline levels 60 and 90 min posttask. NK cell numbers in afternoon stress participants decreased to below baseline levels 60 and 90 min after the task. Changes in NK activity were driven primarily by diurnal influences. NK activity increased in all morning participants and stayed increased 60 and 90 min posttask. NK activity of all afternoon participants also increased during the task but dropped below baseline 60 and 90 min later. Greater increases in NK levels and activity during the task were associated with greater heart rate changes.     

为什么信风水

解放后以政府行为破除封建迷信,收效甚大,风水术士消声匿迹,虽存遗老,残喘不死,亦蜇伏待毙,不敢蠢动。“文化大革命”期间,世态混乱,真伪颠倒,封建迷信喜得邪风,死灰复燃。风水之术沉渣泛起。近十几年风水迷信,实得贪官青睐,闹腾得很风光,其为害很大,必须严加惩治,不应姑息。现在需要分析哪些人相信风水,为什么这些人相信风水,找出原因方可下虎狼药。