美国人格障碍共病问题研究介评

在美国,自从DSM体系建立起来,人格障碍就一直受到研究者及临床人员的关注。随着DSM-III将人格障碍归于独立的一轴,发展起全新的诊断思路,人格障碍的共病问题就尤其受到了重视。该文首先介绍了共病问题的状况及主要的几种解释模型,然后就该领域出现的应对方式及研究方案作了系统总结,最后还就如何认识共病问题等提出了思考     

自主创新的心理实质

如果不局限于哲学反映论来认识心理的实质可以看到,心理是人在不断适应与促进环境和自身发展变化的过程中人脑对现实的主观反映与创新。人的心理表现为适应心理、反映心理和创新心理三者的相互作用与协调统一。创新心理的实质是人脑为适应现实的发展变化,以反映心理为基础而进行的新颖、独特的认知结构的重组与外化。自主创新本质上属于积极适应创新。     

概化理论在内科学临床技能考核中的应用研究

运用多元概化理论对两届临床医学硕士研究生内科临床实践能力考核进行评价比较。结果表明,两届研究生内科临床实践能力考核的信度均较高,可靠性指数分别为0.78878、0.67985,考核内容较全面。比较发现,01级学生考核的信度要高于02级,考核专家以3-5位为宜。     

明清晋商组织管理结构的验证性因素分析

本研究采用理论分析、专家访谈和文献总结等方法建构了明清晋商组织管理结构的维度。运用管理心理学的相关理论形成了晋商组织管理结构认同评价问卷,对672名被试的测查结果进行处理,以考察明清晋商组织管理的因素结构。通过验证性因素分析得出明清晋商组织管理的因素结构包括六个维度,即w1:唯才是举、任人唯贤;w2:制度严格、号规严谨;w3:德才兼备、量才录用;w4:灵活激励、人身顶股;w5:用人不疑、委以全权;w6:以学保商、以人为本。     

《青少年心理健康素质调查表》个性素质分量表的编制

该研究在文献研究和访谈的基础上,采用实证法编制了青少年个性素质问卷,并对其信度和效度进行了检验。结果表明:青少年的个性素质包括内外倾、意志、冒险、乐观—悲观、责任、耐挫折、独立7个方面;编制的青少年个性素质问卷具有良好的信度与效度。     

A brief explanation of the Chu bamboo slips Hengxian

The discovery of Hengxian and the formation of the category of hengxian are an important recapitulation and creative integration of the theory of the ontological Dao (Tao) in the Pre-Qin period. The cosmology of “self-creating and self-functioning” in Hengxian and the theory of “self-creating and self-evolving” in Liezi and Zhuangzi can be mutually interpreted. It indicates that the theory of transformation of qi entered a quite mature state in the Warring States Period. __________ Translated from Qilu Xuekan 齐鲁学刊 (Qilu Academic Journal), 2005 (1) by Yan Xin     

肥胖症患者的行为治疗与干预

行为疗法是治疗肥胖症常用、有效地一种方法。国外行为治疗一般有评估阶段、实际治疗阶段、治疗过渡阶段和治疗保持阶段,包括认识行为改变的准备动机、认知重组、目标确定、自我监督、刺激控制、应激处理、社会支持、反弹干预等组成成份。行为治疗需和其他方法整合有效治疗肥胖症。     

心算形式对不同近似数量系统敏锐度儿童心算表现的影响

选取112名二年级小学生,以点阵比较任务测量近似数量系统敏锐度,同时以工作记忆测验成绩为协变量,探究了不同心算形式（视算、读算）对不同近似数量系统敏锐度儿童心算表现的潜在影响。结果显示：（1）心算形式显著影响心算的正确率,读算形式下儿童的心算表现最好;（2）控制工作记忆影响后,心算形式与近似数量系统敏锐分组均对心算正确率影响显著。总体来讲,读算可能是提高小学儿童简单心算表现的有效形式,并能提高低近似数量系统敏锐度儿童的心算表现。     

Aging and the perceptual organization of 3-D scenes

In the current study, the authors investigated whether the ground dominance effect (the use of ground surface information for the perceptual organization of scenes) varied with age. In Experiment 1, a scene containing a ground, a ceiling, and 2 vertical posts was presented. The scene was either in its normal orientation or rotated to the side. In Experiment 2, a blue dot was attached to each post, with location varied from bottom to top of the posts. In Experiment 3, a scene similar to that in Experiment 1 was presented in different locations in visual field. Observers judged which of the 2 objects (posts in Experiments 1 and 3, blue dots in Experiment 2) appeared to be closer. The results indicated that both younger (mean age = 22 years) and older observers (mean age = 73 years) responded consistently with the ground dominance effect. However, the magnitude of the effect decreased for older observers. These results suggest a decreased use of ground surface information by older observers for the perceptual organization of scene layout.     

Reliability and concurrent validation of the IPIP Big-Five factor markers in China: Consistencies in factor structure between Internet-obtained heterosexual and homosexual samples

Previous studies have suggested the cross-cultural generalizability of a 5-factor structure for personality traits. In this article, we analyzed the utility of 2 versions (100-item and 50-item) of the IPIP Big-Five factor markers in both heterosexual (N = 633) and homosexual (N = 437) samples in China. Factor analysis within versions showed that both versions of these IPIP measures showed clear 5-factor orthogonal structures that were nearly identical to the American structure in both subject samples. The reliabilities of the five factors were quite high except for the 50-item measure of Agreeableness. The part-whole correlations between the 100-item and 50-item factors were high, as were the factor congruence coefficients between the heterosexual and the homosexual samples. Both versions of the IPIP Big-Five factor markers were strongly correlated with the scales from the Big-Five Inventory (BFI: John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991), thus providing some concurrent validation in a Chinese context.