Aggression in Toddlers: Associations With Parenting and Marital Relations

This study examined the relation among parenting factors, marital relations, and toddler aggression. A structured questionnaire was administered to both parents of 254 2-year-olds. The authors used correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses to assess the extent to which certain personality traits, drug use, parenting style, and marital conflicts were related to the toddlers' aggressive behavior. Results showed that the maternal child-rearing and parental aggression domains had a direct effect on toddler aggression. The domain of maternal child rearing also served as a mediator for the domains of marital relations, paternal child rearing, parental aggression, and parental drug use. The findings indicated that maternal child-rearing practices, personality attributes, and drug use were more important than paternal attributes in relation to toddler aggression. Implications for prevention among families at risk are discussed.     

A regular arrangement of SmH2 fibres in an alpha-Fe matrix,found after the hydrogenation-disproportionation processing of Sm2Fe17

In the course of a study on microstructural changes in Sm2Fe17 during a hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination process, a peculiar microstructure has been observed just after the hydrogenation-disproportionation processing. SmH2 crystals, formed as a result of decomposition of the Sm2Fe17 compound, are present with a fibrous shape, about 7 nm in diameter and 1 mum in length. These SmH2 fibres, all with the same orientation, are arranged at nearly regular intervals of about 11nm and with a definite orientation relationship to the alpha-Fe matrix, <110> Fe// <110> SmH2.     

Valence band structure of the NiAl–Mo alloy from the photoelectron spectrum

The valence band structures of the NiAl–Mo alloy was investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy. The valence band spectra of the NiAl–Mo alloy was shifted away from the Fermi level so that the Ni-d-band centroid moved to a higher energy by 0.22 eV as Mo was added. A possible explanation lied in the overlap of Ni-d bands in the energy with Mo-d and Al-p bands. The participation of Mo-d bands was correlated with the site preference of Mo in NiAl alloys.     

Dispositional and Situational Autonomy as Moderators of Mood and Creativity

Although previous research suggests that mood can influence creativity, the controversy about the effects of positive and negative moods has raged for years. This study investigated how the relationship between induced mood and creativity is moderated by dispositional and situational autonomy. It contrasted the different moderating effects of the 2 kinds of autonomy. In Experiment 1, 93 participants completed a questionnaire about dispositional autonomy and performed a creative task after watching 1 of 3 film clips, which were to induce positive, negative, or neutral moods. The results of experiment 1 indicated that positive moods prompted creativity and negative moods inhibited creativity when individuals were low in dispositional autonomy (low in autonomous orientation or high in impersonal orientation). In Experiment 2, 73 participants engaged in a game to manipulate levels of situational autonomy and induce positive or negative moods. The results of experiment 2 showed that positive moods fostered greater creativity than did negative moods when individuals were in full-autonomy condition. The different moderating effects of dispositional and situational autonomy are discussed.     

《中国道教文化之旅》文化丛书论证会在京召开

3月25日,《中国道教文化之旅》文化丛书论证会在北京召开。国家宗教事务局一司副巡视员赵燕华,中国道教协会副会长张继禹、秘书长王哲一、副秘书长王炳旸,华夏出版社副社长陈振宇等出席了会议;来自全国各地50多座宫观的负责人约100余人参加     

企业社会责任的伦理学分析

在企业何以具有社会责任的价值理由的分析中,学界多从经济学和法学的视阈进行论证,缺乏伦理学独立性的价值分析。从人性的精神特质、经济活动的人本目的性、经济活动方式的人道归属性、意志自由与责任的对应性出发,伦理学可以为企业社会责任提供理论支撑。     

对话宗教与慈善公益

郑筱筠:慈善事业的兴起与宗教有着不解之缘,宗教是慈善事业中的常青藤,慈善是中国宗教的理念,慈善活动是宗教慈善理念的外显化和社会化,是宗教慈善理念的社会象征符号。佛教慈善在中国有悠久的传统。历史上,历朝各代的佛教都有兴办义学、开设义庄、造船义渡、修桥补路等多种领域的慈善福利事业。近年来,大陆佛教界相继成立佛教希望工程编委会、慈善功德会、慈善超市等慈善形式,而港台地区的台湾慈济功德会、佛光山和香港慈辉佛教基金会等也积极践行慈善事业。佛教如此,其他宗教也是如     

Feedback specificity,information processing,and transfer of training

This study examines the effects of feedback specificity on transfer of training and the mechanisms through which feedback can enhance or inhibit transfer. We used concurrent verbal protocol methodology to elicit and operationalize the explicit information processing activities used by 48 trainees performing the Furniture Factory computer simulation. We hypothesized and found support for a moderated mediation model. Increasing feedback specificity influenced the exposure trainees had to different task conditions and negatively affected their levels of explicit information processing. In turn, explicit information processes and levels of exposure to different task conditions interacted to impact transfer of training. Those who received less specific feedback relied more heavily on explicit information processing and had more exposure to the challenging aspects of the task than those who received more specific feedback, which differentially affected what they learned about the task. We discuss how feedback specificity and exposure to different task conditions may prime different learning processes.     

疼痛的心理学研究

心理学对疼痛的研究已经进行了几十年,成果颇丰。众多的研究已经证实了疼痛与基本心理过程之间的相互关系,包括注意、情绪、动机和记忆。除了基本心理过程外,社会因素也能够调节疼痛,如社会排斥、信仰、音乐、虚拟情境、金钱和权利等。已有疼痛研究中的疼痛测量方法过于主观,并且疼痛调节因素在临床中缺乏实践价值。当前疼痛研究呈现与具身思潮相结合的趋势,未来应更加重视发掘调节疼痛的社会因素。     

The survey of clinical human experimentation research in ethical review of postgraduates students

An anonymous questionnaire was used to investigate the status quo of ethics review of human subject experiments among postgraduate students in clinical practice with the main conclusions as follows: Human subject experiments make up a large ratio of clinical research; the construction of an ethics review has been initially formulated, but there exists a gap in ethics awareness between advisors and the postgraduates with the desperate need to receive ethics review. It is necessary to realize the importance of informed consent and to strengthen the strict supervision of placebo application.