简述张三丰的内丹修炼理论

根据《张三丰全集》以及相关史书的记载可知,张三丰是元末明初道教全真派道士。1314年,67岁的张三丰,因感人生光阴有限,富贵无常,入终南山拜火龙真人为师,学长生之道。张三丰在出家后虽然云游四海,但主要的隐居地却是武当山。相传他在武当山看到猫与蛇打架,于一夜之间悟出了“太极拳”的妙理。不论这个传说的真实程度如何,有一个事实却是不可否认的,这就是武当山道教内家拳的创立和流传与张三丰的名字一直是联系在一起的。张三丰之所以在内家拳方面享有盛誉,是因为他勤奋学习和钻研道教传统的内丹理论,并将此等理论应用于武术的习练与创新过…     

论社会主义市场经济条件下的社会公正观

本文通过对中西社会公正理论得失的探讨,阐述社会主义市场经济体制下社会公正观的基本内容。建构与社会主义市场经济相适应的社会公正观,既要尊重市场经济的一般规律,又要坚持社会主义的基本制度和原则,并达到二者之间的有机结合。     

21世纪中国公民教育的机遇与挑战——"两岸四地公民教育研讨会"综述

在华人社区推广公民教育的机遇与挑战是21世纪中国公民教育的重大课题.两岸四地的学者和参会人员在公民教育的基本问题、合格公民的培育、公民教育的途径、公民教育的课程设计、公民教育存在的问题等方面提出了许多建设性的观点.     

修复性正义:基于刑事司法展开的伦理

修复性正义是在反思与批判报应性正义的基础上确立起来的一种旨在修复犯罪人、被害人、社区与社会之间正常利益关系并实现正义和谐的刑事理念或价值取向,修复性正义下的刑事司法制度建设在我国有着广阔的正义基础和制度空间。     

Modern racism and neo‐liberal globalization: the discourses of plausible deniability and their multiple functions

Recently, considerable energy has been focused on extending the mandate of anti‐racism. Modern (or symbolic) racism and discursive psychology have argued that racism has taken on more covert forms. A longitudinal examination of newspaper coverage of two important race‐related newsprint stories in New Zealand (involving Winston Peters, Tuku Morgan and New Zealand First) identified discourses of ‘plausible deniability’ involved in warranting or defending statements about minorities against accusations of racism. We discuss implications of symbolic politics for minorities who are perceived to have violated societal norms, and show how nationalism is used as a framework for denying racist intent. Analyses of historical context show how ‘race’ forms only one lens from which to view issues of intergroup relations. While the press was sensitive to issues of racism, they demonstrated little awareness of concurrent issues of neo‐liberal economics, or market fundamentalism. Anti‐racism may be motivated not only by the ideals of egalitarianism, but also by underlying dynamics of economic power in a global economy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reflections on the Meaning and Structure of the Horizontal/Vertical Distinction

The commentaries by Aaker (2006), Meyers‐Levy (2006), and Oyserman (2006) extend the implications of the horizontal/vertical distinction described in our article (Shavitt, Lalwani, Zhang, & Torelli, 2006) in a number of interesting directions. We join these authors in calling for further research on horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism constructs. We also highlight conceptual and structural issues that remain to be resolved and evaluate priming and other operational approaches to the study of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism.     

Defining relationships: Comparing Canadians, Chinese and Indians

To examine whether cultural differences exist in defining family, friend, relative, colleague and neighbour, non-student samples were drawn from Canada, China and India. The data generated several unexpected findings. (i) The means of the relationship definitions between the Chinese and Canadians were not significantly different. The means between the Chinese and Indians were significantly different. The means between the Canadians and Indians were significantly different. (ii) Females defined their relationships more interdependently than males in the Indian and Canadian samples but not in the Chinese sample. (iii) Definitions were target specific and the order of closeness differed from group to group. (iv) In the Indian and Chinese samples, participants' age was negatively correlated with closeness in defining friends, indicating that a person's perceived closeness with friends changes over the life span. Results of past research using student samples need to be interpreted with caution.     

先天聋人的语音、正字法意识和概念知识结构

先天聋人对书面词语基本没有语音意识。他们主要采用视知觉策略识别书面词语,其词语词法技能发展滞后。由于缺乏语音经验,他们大脑皮层的发育受到严重影响,概念知识结构也呈现不对称性。尽早实施手语教育和正字法教育,不仅有助于提高聋儿童的手语语音意识和书面词语识别技能,也能促进他们的认知能力正常发展     

职业发展的混沌理论

传统职业理论主要是还原论范式的,包括结构论和过程论;自引入混沌理论以来,职业发展的研究范式发生了重大转变;文章在国外相关研究的基础从3个方面深入分析了职业发展的混沌特征,包括初值敏感性,分形和吸引子的作用,通过分析指出这一理论在职业咨询中的应用及其对理论研究的启示     

别对我期望太高：运动领域中的自我设限

运动领域中存在自我设限行为。自我设限是指个体针对可能到来的失败威胁而事先设计障碍的自我保护策略,可分为行动式自我设限及自陈式自我设限。抬举他人也是一种特殊形式的自我设限。自我设限的动机有自我价值和印象管理两种理论解释。与自我设限相关的因素包括归因、自尊、目标定向、群体凝聚力、任务性质及性别等。在前人研究的基础上,从实践的角度为教练员正确处理自我设限问题提供了建议。从理论上提出身体自尊可能是运动员整体自尊和自我设限之间的中介变量