Individualism–collectivism and organ donation intentions

This article investigates the impact of individualism–collectivism on a person's willingness to donate organs. In Study 1, an online survey showed that individualism–collectivism was significantly and positively associated with participants' willingness to register as organ donors while perceived benefit mediated this relationship. Study 2 demonstrated the causal effect of individualism–collectivism on organ donation intentions using a priming technique. Participants primed with collectivism were more likely to register as organ donors than those primed with individualism. Our findings provide unique insights into whether cultural values (i.e., individualism–collectivism) can predict people's organ donation intentions.     

言语-表象型认知风格与外显、内隐记忆的关系

研究探讨言语-表象维度认知风格对外昱、内隐记忆效果的影响。实验采用不同认知风格（言语型和表象型）的被试,以抽象名词和具体名词为测验材料,运用了Jacoby加工分离程序。结果发现：言语-表象维度认知风格对内隐记忆效果的影响与外显记忆不同。（1）表象型被试和言语型被试在识记抽象名词时外显记忆成绩差异显著;（2）言语型-表象型认知风格没有导致内隐记忆的个体差异。     

“科技—伦理生态”与“科技—伦理禁区”

在科技伦理学的意义上,"科技有无禁区"不能也不应简单地归之于关于"科技本身"有无禁区的争论.从形上层面来看,"科技禁区"之争之所以产生,在根本上是"关系本位"的伦理学方法和标准科学观的共同宰制以及原有的科技-伦理生态整体失衡的结果.因此,所谓的"科技禁区",并不只是"科技本身"或"伦理本身"的禁区,甚至也不只是科技与伦理之间的"关系"禁区,而是"科技-伦理生态"的禁区."科技有无禁区"之争就其实质而言是科技-伦理生态的"同一性危机","科技禁区"实际上是科技-伦理生态的"同一性禁区".     

孟子荀子教育思想比较

孟子和苟子分别以“性善论”和“性恶论”为教育思想的道德基础。在教育方法上孟子强调由内而外,“反求诸己”的自我教育;而苟子强调外在的礼义教化,“隆礼”、“尊师”。他们教育的目的都是为了实现儒家的“仁政”。     

Deductive reasoning and creativity: a cross-cultural study

The present cross-cultural study examined the relationship between deductive reasoning and creativity among college students (M age=20.4 yr., SD= .6) from Hong Kong (n=39) and the United States (n=38). Participants performed tasks designed to measure deductive reasoning, creative writing, and insight problem-solving, all in verbal form. No correlation was found between the performance for deductive reasoning and creativity as measured by creative writing. Insight problem-solving performance correlated significantly with that for both reasoning and creativity. Significant cultural differences favoring the American participants were only found on the creative writing and insight problem-solving tasks, both of which supposedly involve creative thinking. There seems to be cultural dependence for creativity but not for deductive reasoning which suggests a qualification of a strong cultural-relevance view positing pervasive cultural influences on human thinking processes.     

视觉表象扫描中的视角大小效应

采用视觉表象的几何距离扫描任务,通过两个实验首次揭示了视觉表象扫描中的视角大小效应。实验一采用3 (视角：2.7°,5.5°和8.2°) × 3 (扫描距离：0.0cm、0.4cm和0.8cm) 组内实验设计,探讨了视角大小这种表象前加工因素是否影响心理扫描的问题;实验二采用8 (视角：2.7°,4.1°,5.5°,6.9°,8.2°,9.6°,12.3°和17.1°) × 2 (扫描距离：0.4cm和0.8cm) 组内实验设计,探讨了视角大小如何影响心理扫描加工过程的问题。结果表明：（1）在视觉表象扫描中,扫描时间会受到表象对应刺激的视角大小影响,即使扫描的几何距离相等,不同视角大小条件下的扫描时间仍存在显著差异;（2）在4°到10°这个视角范围内心理扫描的时间显著短于这个范围之外的扫描时间,6.5°左右是视觉表象扫描的最佳视角。视角大小效应有别于心理扫描的大小效应和距离效应,为Kosslyn的表象计算理论增加了新的内容,具有重要的理论意义。同时它对仪表、图形设计以及棋牌游戏等工作和生活实践具有一定的应用价值     

Creativity of Chinese and American Cultures: A Synthetic Analysis

The article integrates the seven papers of the two special issues with a special focus on discussing the differences in people's beliefs about creativity between the Chinese and American cultures: How it is conceived, evaluated, and nurtured. It uses three metaphors to capture major differences in these aspects, and highlights areas with profound cultural variations in conceptions and creative education for future research.     

《管子》公平思想研究

《管子》中包含着丰富的公平思想,在经济方面主要体现在平均财富和平均赋役;在社会方面主要体现为"布政有均"。最后,《管子》提出了实现公平的具体措施,即"均地分力"和"四民得均"。     

基本需要满足对游戏满意度的影响:沉醉感和积极情绪的序列中介作用

为探讨基本需要满足对游戏满意度的影响及其作用机制,研究采用基本需要满足问卷、沉醉感问卷、积极情感量表和游戏满意度问卷对286名网络游戏玩家进行调查。结果发现:(1)基本需要满足、沉醉感、积极情绪和游戏满意度之间两两显著正相关;(2)基本需要满足对游戏满意度不仅有直接预测作用,还能通过三条间接路径影响游戏满意度:沉醉感的中介作用;积极情绪的中介作用;沉醉感和积极情绪的链式中介作用。结论:基本需要满足不仅对游戏满意度有直接影响,还能通过沉醉感和积极情绪的序列中介作用影响游戏满意度。