高焦虑个体对威胁性刺激的注意偏向特点*

采用点探测实验范式,将图片按照威胁性分为高威胁性和一般威胁性,探讨焦虑程度不同的个体对不同威胁性刺激的注意特点。采用状态-特质焦虑问卷从265个大学生中选取了33名高焦虑被试和31名对照组被试。结果发现：（1）高焦虑组个体对一般威胁性刺激有显著注意偏向,对高威胁性刺激有注意回避趋势;（2）对照组个体对一般威胁性刺激没有表现出注意偏向,对高威胁刺激有注意偏向趋势。结论：（1）即使是一般威胁性图片也能引起高焦虑被试的注意偏向 （2）高威胁性图片才能引起对照组个体产生注意偏向的趋势。     

R-RUM的参数估计及性能评价研究

认知诊断作为21世纪一种新的测量范式,在国内外越来越受到重视。该文运用MCMC算法实现了R-RUM的参数估计,并采用Monte Carlo模拟方法探讨其性能。研究结果表明:(1)R-RUM参数估计方法可行,估计精度较高;(2)Q矩阵复杂性和模型参数水平对模型参数估计精度有较大影响,随着r_(jk)*值的增大和Q矩阵复杂性的增加,项目参数和被试参数估计精度逐渐下降;(3)在特定情形下,R-RUM具有一定的稳健性。     

父母、同伴依恋对青少年孤独感的影响模型:基于不同类型学校的检验

该研究探讨不同类型学校中同伴依恋在父母依恋与青少年孤独感之间的作用。结果发现:(1)在重点高中生群体中,同伴依恋在父母依恋与其孤独感之间起部分中介作用;(2)在职业高中生群体中,同伴依恋在父母依恋与其孤独感之间起部分中介作用;(3)在普通高中生群体中,同伴依恋是预测孤独感水平的主要因素,父母依恋在同伴依恋与孤独感之间起调节作用。在依恋对青少年孤独感的作用机制中,间接效应与交互效应模型均得到验证,但模型的适用性因学校类型不同存在差异。     

Separate Pathways for the Processing of Affordance of Neutral and Dangerous Object

Previous studies have shown that observation of object automatically elicits the activation of a reach-to-grasp response specifically directed to interact with the object, which is termed affordance. Recent findings provide evidences that even dangerous objects can evoke aversive affordances. However, these studies only focused on avoidance effect emerged with dangerous objects. It remains unclear whether the neutral object and dangerous object share a common mechanism for the processing of affordance information. The affordance effect is considered to be a type of conflict between the afforded response and the response required by the task. In a symbol judgment task, we simultaneously presented the neutral object and dangerous object to investigate whether the congruency sequence effects (congruency effects following incongruent trials are smaller than those following congruent trials) occurred across the two types of affordance conflict, which is typically assumed that such flexible adjustments can only be observed between the same conflict types. It was found that congruency sequence effects were only generated between the same types of affordance conflict (e.g., neutral object or dangerous object), but not between two different affordance conflict types (e.g., neutral object and dangerous object). These results indicate there may be two different pathways for the processing of affordance of the neutral and dangerous object.     

Baby face wins? Examining election success based on candidate election bulletin via multilevel modeling

A growing body of research suggests that many voters rely on facial cues from political candidates to elect their leaders. Our study proposes that having a baby face could be an asset for a political candidate in a collectivist culture. Using election bulletin photographs from Taiwan's 2004, 2008 and 2012 legislative election, we look at the extent to which a candidate's baby face is related to election outcomes. Our multilevel modelling includes the number of candidates as Level 1 units, and the number of counties in which the candidates competed as Level 2 units. Vote share is the outcome variable. After considering the candidates' traits (perceived babyfacedness, competence, attractiveness and warmth) and background characteristics, babyfacedness was the strongest predictor of vote share. Results across three elections show consistent patterns: the more babyfaced the candidate, the greater the percentage of votes a candidate received, regardless of the candidate's gender, political affiliation or incumbency status. Babyfacedness is more influential than perceived competence, attractiveness and warmth.     

宋金元人论管仲

春秋时期著名政治家管仲的事功和政治经济思想对后世影响深远。至宋金元三朝,管仲和《管子》仍然对社会政治以及士人的思想行为发生重要影响。宋代主张革新、务实尚功的政治家、思想家和志士仁人多崇尚管仲尊王攘夷的事功,尊之为贤相能臣的楷模,赞许孔子对管仲“如其仁”的评论。空谈心性的宋儒既讥讽管仲“器小”,也贬低管仲的事功,孟子对管仲的评判影响了这类宋儒。金元人尊崇管仲合诸侯匡天下的事功,尊其为贤臣之首,对管仲的所谓“器小”几无苛责。金元汉儒多讳言管仲攘夷平戎的功绩。     

多维自我概念量表的测量等价性检验

运用MSCS测量923名中国中学生自我概念,探查MSCS的跨组测量等价性。结果显示,MSCS具有跨性别、学校、城乡的严等价性。研究表明,MSCS是一个适应广泛的量表,可以基于观察数据进行跨性别、学校、城乡的平均数比较和方差齐性检验。     

被自由误导的自由

本文主要分析了自由以及表现为权利自由的政治哲学问题,其中着重批评了伯林的两种自由模式,试图论证,不自由切割为两种,将导致对自由的各种误解。所谓消极自由和积极自由只是同一种自由的两面,但伯林问题可以转换为消极权利和积极权利问题,这样就可以消除混乱。     

网络游戏成瘾者认知功能损害的ERP研究

许多研究证明,网络成瘾具有和物质依赖成瘾相同的成瘾症状:不仅有明显的社会功能损害,而且表现出抑郁、强迫、焦虑等精神症状.本研究采用事件相关电位技术,以网络游戏成瘾大学生为被试,探索了网络游戏成瘾者脑认知功能的变化.结果发现:①成瘾者听觉P300的波幅显著低于非成瘾者,说明网络成瘾者可能存在认知功能的损害;②成瘾者听觉N1的波幅显著高于非成瘾者,提示成瘾者可能存在感觉功能的易化,或者受到感觉寻求人格特质的影响.