内隐完美主义效应及其与外显完美主义的关系

研究运用内隐联想测验对内隐完美主义进行了测验研究,同时用结构方程模型对内隐完美主义与外显完美主义的关系进行了探讨,结果表明:(1)内隐完美主义效应是存在的,个体无意识中有一种追求完美的倾向;(2)内隐完美主义测验的内部一致性比较高;(3)内隐完美主义和外显完美主义是相对独立的结构.     

大学生学业成败归因特点与自尊的关系

为考察大学生学业成败归因与内隐自尊、外显自尊间的关系,对74名大学生进行内隐联想测验(IAT),并要求其完成Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)及学业成败归因量表(MMCS).统计分析表明: (1)内隐自尊与外显自尊相关不显著; (2)当学业成功时,内隐自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将成功归为自己的能力,而外显自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将成功归为努力、情境和运气; (3)当学业失败时,内隐自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将失败归于情境,而内隐自尊水平低的大学生倾向于将失败归为个人能力不足;同时外显自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将失败归为情境和运气,而外显自尊水平低的大学生更倾向于将失败归为个人努力不够.     

Suppression During Binocular Rivalry Broadens Orientation Tuning

ABSTRACT— During binocular-rivalry suppression, an ordinarily visible stimulus is erased from awareness, but how is the sensory representation of that stimulus affected? Although it is established that rivalry suppression attenuates signal strength, the influence of suppression on signal fidelity remains unknown. Here, we show that noise plays a hitherto undiscovered role in the degradation of the percept under suppression. In Experiment 1, we measured psychometric functions for a stimulus presented under dominance and suppression, and found that the slope of these functions was shallower under suppression—a result suggesting that the signal representation was rendered noisier. Experiment 2 then revealed the source of this noise: An examination of the influence of suppression on the orientation bandwidth of noise masking showed that tuning bandwidth is significantly broadened under suppression. Thus, the discriminability of a suppressed stimulus is weakened not only by a general decrease in signal strength, but also by broader orientation tuning that introduces more noise in the neural representation of the suppressed stimulus.     

汤用彤哈佛大学时期宗教学文稿探赜

汤用彤留学哈佛大学时对宗教学进行了深入系统、追本溯源的研究.他的研究成果多为英文未刊手稿,其中不少问题和研究领域至今仍未被国内学界所及知.他关注宗教学的最新研究动态,采用考古学、人类学、语言学、心理学和神话学等学科方法,对各种宗教及宗教学各类重要问题进行学术探讨,显示出学衡派成员宗教观渐趋成熟的轨迹.汤用彤宗教学手稿成为他归国后相关讲义的来源,在中国人系统研究和引介宗教学方面具有首创意义.这批历史文献对于了解汤用彤佛教中国化研究的丰厚知识底蕴和研究方法,以及我国宗教学科的草创历程皆有重要意义.     

从危重症胃肠保护看中医保胃气的意义

本文联系危重症患者胃肠功能障碍病理机制及胃肠保护的地位,追溯中医胃气的概念及中医“保胃气”渊源,提出保胃气是从整体出发制定的急救措施,进一步指出胃气复,脾胃气机升降协调是疾病好转的前提;保胃气有助于恢复胃肠动力、有助于危重病患者的营养支持及药效发挥。     

毒品注射致假性股动脉瘤的手术并发症和愈合不良的分析

探讨毒品注射导致假性股动脉瘤（femoralfalseaneurysm,FFA）的术后合并症或愈合不良的原因。分析10年来46例毒品导致FFA的围手术期并发症和愈合不良情况。结果46例患者中,髂股动脉缝扎后4例患肢缺血,1例人工血管感染,4例切口淋巴瘘,1例患肢肿胀,2例深静脉血栓,2例患肢麻痹,均经相应处理后好转。因此,综合评估毒品导致的FFA患肢的血供和假瘤,个体化选择手术方案,可减少术后并发症以及愈合不良。     

Grade differences in reading motivation among Hong Kong primary and secondary students

Background Most previous studies in Western societies have demonstrated a general decline in school motivation. However, it is not clear whether motivational decline occurs uniformly for all students. The moderating effects of individual and cultural differences on students' motivational decline need to be further explored. Aims This study aimed to examine the grade differences in students' reading motivation, including self‐efficacy, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and social motivation, in a Chinese educational context. Grade by gender and grade by school‐average achievement interactions were also checked to explore the role of individual differences in students' motivational changes. Sample A total of 1,794 students (860 boys and 934 girls) volunteered to take part in this study, of whom 648 were Grade 4–6 students from 11 primary schools, 627 were Grade 7–9 students from 12 junior secondary schools, and 519 Grade 10–11 students from 6 senior secondary schools. Method A Chinese version of the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire (CRMQ) was administered to all participants during regular class periods by their teachers. Reliability analyses and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were first undertaken to assess the psychometric quality of the CRMQ. Then, multisample CFA was conducted to examine whether the factor structure of the CRMQ was equivalent across students at different grade levels. Grade differences in various reading motivation constructs as well as grade × gender and grade × school‐average achievement interactions were examined using multiple‐indicator‐multiple‐causes modelling. Results The findings of this study supported the reliability and the factor structure of the CRMQ in measuring the reading motivation of Chinese students at different grade levels. The factor pattern of the CRMQ was invariant across primary, junior secondary, and senior secondary students in multisample CFA. As far as the scores on the four reading motivation constructs were concerned, students scored most highly on intrinsic motivation, followed by self‐efficacy, extrinsic motivation, and social motivation. Significant grade differences were found in all reading motivation constructs whereas only a few grade by gender and grade by school‐average interactions were found. Conclusion Consistent with previous studies in Western countries, the findings suggest that motivational decline is also a common phenomenon among Chinese students in Hong Kong. In addition, the pattern of motivational differences is generally consistent among students with different genders and from schools with different achievement levels. The implications of these findings for understanding Chinese students' reading motivation and for planning effective reading instruction to enhance their motivation are discussed.     

论《管子》的工商管理思想

古代中国总体上建构的是一个重本抑末的经济文化模式,然而先秦齐国却是农工商并重。《管子》具有丰富的工商管理思想,其主要内容包括：设官任能,加强行政领导和管理;建章立制,使产品质量检查制度化;提高工商者的素质,贤者任以为官;抑制“文巧”;强化宏观经济调控和国家干预流通的职能等。《管子》的工商管理思想,不仅造福于当时的齐国人民,也在中国经济思想发展史上闪出了明亮的光环。     

藏族本教与纳西族东巴教祭司的比较研究

藏族与纳西族的历史关系长达一千多年。本文通过对藏族本教与纳西族东巴教的宗教祭司、祖师传说、以及所使用法器的比较分析,说明两个民族、宗教之间有着密切的联系。     

善治的德性诉求

善治的魅力在于公共事务管理中公共利益最大化的目的性和公共事务管理的民主化,但西方善治的路径却建立在社团利益最大化利益博弈的基础之上,因此,所面对的困境是善活而不善.善治的中国化和追求善治的善果,需要确立善治的德性基础和德性民主的合理化路径.