我国器官移植中供体不足的原因分析及对策

器官移植对于挽救晚期脏器功能衰竭病人的生命具有极其重要的意义,我国器官移植起步较晚,多种因素限制器官移植的发展,其中供体不足是关键因素之一.分析器官移植中供体不足的原因,认为冲破传统观念的束缚,加大宣传力度,加快立法步伐是我国器官移植中供体不足亟待解决的问题.     

遗传学认识的特征、争论及其社会控制

20世纪遗传学取得的重大成就并不能掩盖它与人类社会的伦理、宗教、法律之间的不和谐.如何更加正确和高效地进行遗传学的研究和技术应用已经成为各国自然科学家和社会科学家共同关心的问题.概括了遗传学认识的特征,分析了现代遗传学理论同各种传统认识之间存在的争论,并结合当今在遗传学理论研究和技术运用中出现的社会问题提出社会控制的措施.     

规范美容医学临床技术--略谈《临床技术操作规范·美容医学》分册的编写体会

从现代医学模式转变出发,探讨了<临床技术操作规范·美容医学>分册的编写体会,阐明了该<规范>分册的指导思想、基本原则,介绍了美容医学临床技术实施效果评价的主要内容和要求.     

Comparative Judgment Processes: The Effects of Task Objectives and Time Delay on Product Evaluations

Consumers who compare products may often ignore features that the choice alternatives have in common. As a result, they often evaluate products more favorably when the products have unique positive features but common negative features than when they have unique negative features but common positive ones. Two studies examined contingencies in the occurrence of these “cancellation” effects and explored their implications for people's evaluations of not only the products being compared but other products they encounter subsequently. Some participants were explicitly told to compare two products at the time they received information about them. They not only disregarded the products' common features when initially evaluating these products, but disregarded evaluatively similar features of a third product they encountered some time later. Other participants were initially told to describe each product separately. In this condition, they formed an overall impression of each product individually, and so cancellation effects were not apparent. Nevertheless, their preference for one product over the other was based on a comparison of the products' individual features that they could recall at the time of judgment rather than on the global impressions they had formed when the product information was first presented.     

高中生不良情绪状态的特点研究

采用问卷法对北京、新疆、重庆、浙江、河南共6015名高中生的不良情绪状态进行了研究.结果表明,高中生的焦虑、抑郁、孤独、敌对、恐惧等五种不良情绪的状态均处于中等程度,随着年龄的增长,高中生不良情绪的这五个方面表现出较为一致的变化特点:随着年龄的增长,其不良情绪的状态呈缓慢上升的变化趋势,高二学生的抑郁、孤独、敌对、恐惧等不良情绪状态显著高于高一学生;高三学生的五种不良情绪状态均略高于高二学生,但是未达显著性水平,高中阶段的五种不良情绪未出现显著的性别差异.     

ICTs for Achieving Millennium Development Goals: Experiences of Connecting Rural China to the Internet

By focusing on Internet application initiatives in four places in rural China, this study examines how the Internet is diffused and used in rural settings and what potential it has in helping rural people improve economic conditions and education. The results of this study show that the diffusion and usage of the Internet in rural areas are conditioned by the interplay of structural factors and individual differences. The change agencies have played a dominant role in introducing the Internet to the rural people. One of the major findings of this study is that Internet adoption and usage tend to be closely associated with local farming and business activities. The information needs, conditioned by the modes of production, influence farmers’ information seeking behaviours, which in turn affect adoption inclination and intensive usage.

心理治疗结果的临床显著性分析方法

心理治疗结果研究中,如何对结果测量数据进行统计分析,是非常重要的环节之一。研究者发现,不能简单使用统计显著性来考察心理治疗的结果,因而引入了临床显著性的概念以便更准确地从临床角度考察治疗的情况。在验证临床显著性改变中,西方学者提出了JT法、GLN法、EN法和HA法等统计分析方法,这些方法都试图更准确地分析临床显著性,但在心理治疗结果研究中,这些方法仍然存在概念明确性、标准和数据收集完善性等方面的问题。因此今后的研究应该关注方法的创新或修订,还是关注数据解释是目前西方关于临床显著性分析方法的两大争论。国内也应在心理治疗结果的研究中引入临床显著性分析方法,同时还应考虑效果评价指标的设立和有效测量工具编制的问题,为正确评价心理治疗结果服务,并最终为提高心理治疗效果服务。     

虫洞？——海德格尔的存在之旅

提要：海德格尔朝向另一开端之思想通道可简示为Sein→Seyn→Sein：他一开始要去思的就是Sein（存在）,Sein是用来与象征第一开端即形而上学的Seiendes（存在者）划清界线的;Seyn（存有）则是用来表示他所要思的Sein是不再被形而上学地思考的Sein本身;而Sein上面的叉不仅直观且彻底地删掉了任何可能为第一开端所占用的Sein,更重要的是它还原撑起了四个世界地带映射-游戏的原始时一空,惟如此另一开端即本有之思才得以被通达。海氏Sein→Seyn→Sein的存在之旅,一方面是要严格区分两个开端,他要与第一开端决断开;另一方面则是要去原撑开从第一开端转渡到另一开端的原始时一空通道。我们把该通道喻为海氏虫洞。该虫洞真的能如期将我们救渡到另一开端吗？本文将尝试一种可能的探讨。     

Non‐linear structural equation models with correlated continuous and discrete data

Structural equation models (SEMs) have been widely applied to examine interrelationships among latent and observed variables in social and psychological research. Motivated by the fact that correlated discrete variables are frequently encountered in practical applications, a non‐linear SEM that accommodates covariates, and mixed continuous, ordered, and unordered categorical variables is proposed. Maximum likelihood methods for estimation and model comparison are discussed. One real‐life data set about cardiovascular disease is used to illustrate the methodologies.     

Occult white matter damage contributes to intellectual disability in tuberous sclerosis complex

Whether patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) have brain normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) damage and whether such damage contributes to their intellectual disability were examined in 15 TSC patients and 15 gender- and age-matched healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Histogram and region of interest (ROI) analyses of the mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were performed in the NAWM. Correlations between diffusion indices and the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and normalized lesion volume were also investigated. Compared with controls, both histogram and ROI analyses showed significant (P < .05) increased MD and decreased FA in the NAWM of TSC patients. In TSC patients, some of the histogram- and ROI-derived diffusion indices of the NAWM were correlated with FSIQ (P < .01), but none of them were correlated with the normalized lesion volume. These findings indicate that TSC patients have occult damage in the NAWM, which might be an important neural basis for intellectual disability in these patients.