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61.
快速书写条件下硬笔笔迹变量与认知及个性特征的关系 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以圆珠笔为书写工具.北京市某中学高一学生为被试,有效数据169人.探讨了在快速抄写条件下,笔迹书写特征与认知及个性的关系:18个笔迹变量可抽取笔压、结构、特征、字体和空间五个反映字的书写特征的因素;书写特征与认知因素间,横、竖笔压与概念形成速度。整篇压与视力追踪、字位与眼手协调相关显著;横笔压与16PF测验中的畏缩退怯——冒险敢为有正相关;竖笔压与艾森克个性因素的N有高相关。 相似文献
62.
小学儿童合取概念的形成及其与元认知的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用个别访谈与问卷相结合的方法.研究了小学四、五、六年级共48名儿童合取概念的形成及其元认知的发展。结果表明.小学儿童形成合取概念的能力发展既具有渐进性,又有不均衡性;其元认知知识水平和元认知监控能力的发展均呈现出稳中有变的趋势;各年级的元认知能力与形成合取概念的步数之间均存在非常显著的相关。 相似文献
63.
卡车驾驶员速度估计研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用速度知觉测试仪,对251名男性卡车驾驶员在四种实验条件下的速度估计准确性进行了测量。结果发现:安全组卡车驾驶员的速度估计准确性优于事故组卡车驾驶员,两者在低速条件下差异不显著,高速条件下差异显著;事故组卡车驾驶员的高估次数高于安全组卡车驾驶员,低速条件下两者不显著.高速条件下差异显著;事故多发组与安全组卡车驾驶员的速度估计准确性在高速及低速长距离条件下差异显著;速度及距离对速度估计准确性有显著影响,且两者之间存在显著的交互作用;年龄对速度估计准确性无显著影响。 相似文献
64.
初级指挥官人格类型与PM领导行为类型有效性的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对陆军初级指挥官人格心理类型与领导行为有效性的心理学研究 ,探讨个人的领导潜能、人格心理类型对领导行为有效性的影响。研究发现 :1方差分析表明 ,具有不同领导行为的指挥官在人格维度上存在明显的统计学差异。提示了指挥官的领导行为取向与人格因素有密切的关系。2卡方分析结果也表明 ,PM型行为的军官在其人格特征上具有“ESTJ”组合特征 ,而 pm型的军官则正好相反 ;另外 ,pm型的军官在成就动机上获得高分的人数最少。3系统聚类分析显示 ,“成就动机”、“感觉”和“判断”三种人格因素与军事指挥官完成整体领导职能有着更为密切的关系。 相似文献
65.
Chuang Liu 《国际科学哲学研究》1997,11(2):147-164
The paper, as Part I of a two‐part series, argues for a hybrid formulation of the semantic view of scientific theories. For stage‐setting, it first reviews the elements of the model theory in mathematical logic (on whose foundation the semantic view rests), the syntactic and the semantic view, and the different notions of models used in the practice of science. The paper then argues for an integration of the notions into the semantic view, and thereby offers a hybrid semantic view, which at once secures the view's logical foundations and enhances its applicability. The dilemma of either losing touch with the practice of science or yielding up the benefits of the model theory is thus avoided. 相似文献
66.
6 15岁儿童对友谊特性的认知发展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
研究目的:(1)考察我国儿童、青少年的友谊特性的认知发展规律和特点;(2)探讨儿童友谊特性的认知结构。研究采用结构访谈法,被试为来自北京市普通幼儿园、小学和中学的6岁、8岁、10岁、12岁和15岁儿童共100名(每个年龄组20名,男女各半)。结果发现:(1)6—15岁儿童对友谊特性的认知结构由5个维度组成,即:个人交流和冲突解决,榜样和竞争,互相欣赏,共同活动和互相帮助,亲密交往。(2)对6—15岁儿童,友谊特性中的5个维度的重要性次序为:共同活动和互相帮助,个人交流和冲突解决,榜样和竞争,互相欣赏,亲密交往。(3)从发展上来看,对友谊特性不同维度的认知发展趋势有很大年龄差异。6—8岁儿童只能认识到友谊特性中一些外在的、行为的特征;以后才能逐渐认识到那些内在的、情感性的特征。但是,原来那些外在的特征并没有随着儿童年龄的增长而被取代,而是与内在的、情感性的特性结合在一起,在认识中逐渐深化。(4)小学六年级儿童在共同活动和游戏上表现出性别差异(男生高于女生);而在冲突解决上,女生的认知水平高于男生。此外,初中三年级学生在互相欣赏方面,男生的认识水平高于女生 相似文献
67.
Two experiments investigated the influence of situational pragmatics on the selective use of specific instances and generalized knowledge structures to make social inferences. In Experiment 1, social inferences were made in an unfamiliar domain similar in structure to a typical situation of social greetings and address, but devoid of useful cues to social schemas. Participants were told that either one or another of the features of the situation was more pragmatically important for deriving inferences about appropriate social behaviour; consistent with predictions from a computational model of analogical mapping (ACME), they made reliable inferences based on analogies to specific instances, with the situational importance of relations guiding the selection of the optimal analogue. In Experiment 2, social inferences were examined in the more familiar domain of predicting social behavior between low and high status persons and between members of an ingroup and an outgroup in Japan. The availability of specific examples was varied, as was the perceived importance of status and group membership. The situation was isomorphic to that in the first experiment, except for the availability of generalized knowledge structures to guide inferences. Participants made relatively veridical inferences that were sensitive to variations in the pragmatic importance of dimensions. Provision of specific analogues had little impact on inferences, suggesting that participants were relying instead on more general and cross-culturally applicable knowledge about adjusting social relations according to situational pragmatics. 相似文献
68.
Social Dominance Orientation, Hierarchy Attenuators and Hierarchy Enhancers: Social Dominance Theory and the Criminal Justice System 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jim Sidanius James H. Liu John S. Shaw Felicia Pratto 《Journal of applied social psychology》1994,24(4):338-366
This study investigated differences in social dominance orientation between incumbents of different social roles (police officers vs. public defenders) and ethnic groups known to differ in general social status (i.e., whites vs. blacks and Hispanics). Consistent with theoretical expectations: (a) Police were significantly more social-dominance oriented than either jurors or public defenders. (b) Public defenders tended to be less social-dominance oriented than jurors. (c) Euro-Americans were significantly more social dominance oriented than Afro- and Hispanic-Americans, (d) Euro-American police officers had, by far, the highest levels of social dominance orientation. Furthermore, all of the effects above held even when controlling for demographic factors such as gender, social class, age, education, and ethnic group. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
69.
70.
Manuel Barrera Jr. Susan A. Li Laurie Chassin 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(4):479-507
Investigated ethnicity and parental alcoholism as factors that might influence the stress vulnerability of adolescents. It
extended an initial cross-sectional study of this same sample by adding two annual assessments which allowed for additional
cross-sectional analyses and longitudinal tests. Hispanic and Caucasian adolescents (N=306 at Time 1) completed measures of their own life stress, family conflict, and alcohol use. Their parents reported on adolescents'
internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Cross-sectional analyses at Time 2, and prospective analyses involving Time 1 and
Time 2 measures were, for the most part, consistent with the original study's results. Caucasian adolescents and children
of alcoholic parents appeared to be more vulnerable to stress than Hispanic adolescents and children of nonalcoholic parents.
Family conflict was a partial explanation for this increased vulnerability.
This research was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse Grant DA05227 to Laurie Chassin (pricipal investigator) and
Manuel Barrera, Jr. (coprincipal investigator). Susan Li was supported by an American Psychological Association Minority Fellowship
Award. Portions of this research were presented at the conference, “Resiliency in Families: Racial and Ethnic Minority Families
in America” that was held at the University of Wisconsin, May 31–June 2, 1994. 相似文献