Judgments of damage to public versus private property in Chinese children at different historical times

This study examined children's judgments of damage to public versus private property in China at two historical times. Participants were two cohorts (1980 and 2012) of elementary school children at ages 7, 9, and 11 years. The children were administered paired stories that described a protagonist who damaged public or private property with a good or bad intention. The results showed that children in the 2012 cohort were less likely than their counterparts in the 1980 cohort to judge damage to public property as more culpable than damage to private property. The cohort differences were more evident in older children than in younger children. The results suggest that macro‐level contexts may play an important role in shaping children's judgments.     

Prosocial Spending and Subjective Well-Being: The Recipient Perspective

Previous research has demonstrated that people are happier after spending money on others (prosocial spending) rather than spending on themselves (personal spending). This relationship between prosocial spending and well-being has been proved to be reliable across countries and ages. However, the happiness of recipients has been frequently ignored in past prosocial behavior studies, and only a few studies have explored the effect of givers’ voluntary intention on recipients’ well-being and responses. Considering that the purpose of prosocial spending is to benefit both spenders and recipients, this study attempts to investigate the relationships among gift attractiveness, positive perceived intention, willingness-to-accept (WTA) and subjective well-being (SWB) of recipients in prosocial spending. The results of a large scale survey demonstrate that both gift attractiveness and positive perceived intention are positively related to recipients’ willingness-to-accept. And willingness-to-accept is positively associated with recipients’ SWB. More importantly, willingness-to-accept mediates both the relationship between gift attractiveness and SWB, and the relationship between positive perceived intention and SWB. Some implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

Distinct Patterns of Impaired Cognitive Control Among Boys and Girls with ADHD Across Development

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - This study examined whether girls and boys with ADHD show similar impairments in cognitive control from childhood into adolescence and the...     

媒体形象内化对大学生限制性饮食行为的影响：一个有调节的中介模型

基于三重影响模型和客体化模型,探讨媒体形象内化与大学生限制性饮食行为的关系及其作用机制,采用外表的社会文化态度问卷、自我客体化问卷、荷兰人饮食行为问卷、自我同情量表四个量表对600名在校大学生进行调查。结果显示：（1）媒体形象内化显著正向预测大学生限制性饮食行为;（2）自我客体化在媒体形象内化与大学生限制性饮食行为的关系中起中介作用;（3）自我同情调节媒体形象内化与自我客体化之间的关系,随着自我同情的增加,自我客体化的中介作用减小。     

短式知觉压力量表(PSS-10)在中国大学生中的信效度

考察短式知觉压力量表(PSS-10)在中国大学生中的效度和信度。用PSS-10、一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)、生活取向测验修订版(LOT-R)、一般自我效能量表(GSES)以及Connor-Davidson心理韧性量表(CD-RISC)对1762名大学生进行调查。PSS-10的条目质量良好; 经探索与验证后,量表的潜在结构为稳定的两个因子,与实测数据拟良好; PSS-10的效标关联效度较好。总量表、无助感和自我效能信念的内部一致性系数达到了测量学要求; 两周后其重测信度大于0.6; 它们的问卷辨识系数均大于0.9。短式知觉压力量表在中国大学生中具有良好的信效度,能够作为有效测量大学生领悟或感受到压力的程度。     

Reproductive Health CHOICES for Young Adults with Sickle Cell Disease or Trait: Randomized Controlled Trial Outcomes over Two Years

Interventions to assist reproductive health decision-making in populations affected by sickle cell disease (SCD) or trait (SCT) lack proven efficacy over time. Our aim was to compare effects of CHOICES, a Web-based multimedia education program on implementing informed reproductive plans, and usual care education (e-Book) on reproductive knowledge, intention, and behavior over 24 months. We randomized 234 participants with SCD (n?=?138) or SCT (n?=?96) (age 18–35 years, 35 % male, 94 % African American) to CHOICES and e-Book groups. Participants completed a sickle cell-specific reproductive measure before and four times after the intervention (6, 12, 18 and 24 months). Compared to the e-Book group the CHOICES group had significantly more improvement in knowledge over time (p?=?.004) but not intention (p?=?.18) or behavior (p?=?.69). At baseline, 114 (48.7 %) participants reported having partners who would not put the couple at risk for their children inheriting SCD. Of the 116 (49.6 %) at-risk participants, a higher poroportion of those who were in the CHOICES group chose partners that reduced their risk by the last visit than the e-Book group (p?=?.04). Study findings provide important insights for designing a national trial of the CHOICES intervention focusing on subjects whose partner status puts them at risk for having a child with SCD.     

宗教势力的发展对农村基层组织的影响及对策

宗教是人类历史上一种悠久的社会现象。世界上80%的人信仰宗教,中国13亿人口中就有1亿多宗教信仰者。调查数据表明,在我国,绝大多数的宗教组织和90%的信教群众生活在农村。在农村地区,宗教已经形成一股强大的势力,对当地的政治、经济、文化生活产生着影响,甚至已经影响和干扰农     

女儿给父亲交退党申请书

说服老母亲由佛教徒转为基督教的宝贝女儿(注),十多年过去了,如今已近老年,徐娘半老,丰韵犹存。她是一个坚定而虔诚的基督徒。她深信,祷告能治病,忏悔可免罪,即便有否定的例子也不动摇。由于虔诚的笃信,似乎她已从教徒升为神职人员。她不仅自己祷告,还经常给教徒宣讲。她讲的除了圣经有关段落外,还经常反复强调几点:1.世间万物都有一定的归属,而人的所有权属于上帝,人的最大价值是上帝的殿,让上帝居住,来荣耀上帝,也就是说,听上帝的话,供上帝使用。2.上帝就是耶稣,耶稣就是上帝,要感谢主,愿主耶稣与我们永远同在!3.我们中国,就是上帝所预备…     

Riskier for me or for others? The role of domain and probability in self-other differences,in risky decision-making

Abstract

In social and economic interactions, people often decide differently for others, as against for themselves, under situations involving risks. This sometimes leads to conflicts or contradictions. Although previous studies have explored such contradictions, the findings have been inconsistent. To reconcile these inconsistencies, this paper investigates the role played by the different domains and probabilities in the self-other differences under risk. Two groups of participants completed a gambling task combining different domains (gain vs. loss) and probabilities (small vs. large). One group made decisions for others and the other group made decisions for themselves. The results revealed a four pattern of discrepancy: the ones who made decisions for others were less risk-seeking than those who made decisions for themselves over the small probability gains. This was reversed over the large probability gains. Conversely, the participants who made decisions for others were more risk-seeking than those who made decisions for themselves over the small probability losses. The results were reversed over the large probability losses. These results reconcile the contradictory findings of the previous studies and suggest the significant role played by contextual factors in such discrepancies.