Parental Exposure to Mass Violence and Child Mental Health: The First Responder and WTC Evacuee Study

Children’s reactions after being exposed to mass violence may be influenced by a spectrum of factors. Relatively unexplored is the extent to which family exposure to mass violence may affect child mental health, even when these children have not been directly exposed. In a representative sample of NYC public school children assessed 6 months after the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center (WTC), seemingly elevated rates of psychopathology were recorded among children of WTC evacuees. Children of NYC First Responders (police officers, EMTs, and fire fighters) displayed a complex pattern of response to the WTC attack. Overall, the findings from this previous study support putative transmission of trauma to children whose parents were exposed to the WTC attack. The “Children of First Responder and WTC Evacuee Study”—a two-site longitudinal study—is currently underway in the United States (New York City) and in Israel (Tel Aviv area) in an effort to understand the impact of different patterns of mass violence. The NYC sample permits us to examine the impact of a rare instance of mass violence (e.g., WTC attack), while the Israeli sample provides information about repeated and frequent exposure to mass violence brought about by acts of terrorism. In addition, children’s exposure to mass violence is considered in the context of their exposure to other potentially traumatic events. This study aims to improve our general understanding of the impact of mass violence on children, especially the psychological effects on children whose parents’ work experiences are by nature stressful. Knowledge generated by this study has implications for guiding efforts to meet the needs of children who have, directly or through a family member, been subjected to rare or infrequent mass violent event as well as to children whose exposure to mass violence is part of daily life.     

An online database of phonological representations for Mandarin Chinese

A Web-based database is developed to provide psycholinguists with a large-scale phonological representation system for all Mandarin Chinese monosyllables. The construction of the system is based on the slot-based phonological pattern generator (PatPho), with an adequate consideration of the language-specific features of the Chinese phonology. Users can retrieve the relevant phonological representations through an interactive query system on the Web. The query outcomes can be saved in a number of formats, such as Excel spreadsheets, for further analyses. This representation system can be used for a variety of purposes—in particular, connectionist language modeling and, more generally, the study of Chinese phonology.     

内隐完美主义效应及其与外显完美主义的关系

研究运用内隐联想测验对内隐完美主义进行了测验研究,同时用结构方程模型对内隐完美主义与外显完美主义的关系进行了探讨,结果表明:(1)内隐完美主义效应是存在的,个体无意识中有一种追求完美的倾向;(2)内隐完美主义测验的内部一致性比较高;(3)内隐完美主义和外显完美主义是相对独立的结构.     

大学生学业成败归因特点与自尊的关系

为考察大学生学业成败归因与内隐自尊、外显自尊间的关系,对74名大学生进行内隐联想测验(IAT),并要求其完成Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)及学业成败归因量表(MMCS).统计分析表明: (1)内隐自尊与外显自尊相关不显著; (2)当学业成功时,内隐自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将成功归为自己的能力,而外显自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将成功归为努力、情境和运气; (3)当学业失败时,内隐自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将失败归于情境,而内隐自尊水平低的大学生倾向于将失败归为个人能力不足;同时外显自尊水平高的大学生倾向于将失败归为情境和运气,而外显自尊水平低的大学生更倾向于将失败归为个人努力不够.     

汤用彤哈佛大学时期宗教学文稿探赜

汤用彤留学哈佛大学时对宗教学进行了深入系统、追本溯源的研究.他的研究成果多为英文未刊手稿,其中不少问题和研究领域至今仍未被国内学界所及知.他关注宗教学的最新研究动态,采用考古学、人类学、语言学、心理学和神话学等学科方法,对各种宗教及宗教学各类重要问题进行学术探讨,显示出学衡派成员宗教观渐趋成熟的轨迹.汤用彤宗教学手稿成为他归国后相关讲义的来源,在中国人系统研究和引介宗教学方面具有首创意义.这批历史文献对于了解汤用彤佛教中国化研究的丰厚知识底蕴和研究方法,以及我国宗教学科的草创历程皆有重要意义.     

从危重症胃肠保护看中医保胃气的意义

本文联系危重症患者胃肠功能障碍病理机制及胃肠保护的地位,追溯中医胃气的概念及中医“保胃气”渊源,提出保胃气是从整体出发制定的急救措施,进一步指出胃气复,脾胃气机升降协调是疾病好转的前提;保胃气有助于恢复胃肠动力、有助于危重病患者的营养支持及药效发挥。     

非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗的前途与困惑

靶向治疗是运用抗肿瘤药物靶向性与肿瘤的不同特异性住点结合发生作用从而抑制肿瘤细胞生长的一种治疗手段.针对恶性肿瘤中的非小细胞肺癌,其在临床中取得了一定成效.然而,其中仍存在很多问题.本文针对吉非替尼在非小细胞肺癌中的运用,及其优点和所面临的问题,阐述如何应对完善靶向治疗的挑战.     

论《管子》的工商管理思想

古代中国总体上建构的是一个重本抑末的经济文化模式,然而先秦齐国却是农工商并重。《管子》具有丰富的工商管理思想,其主要内容包括：设官任能,加强行政领导和管理;建章立制,使产品质量检查制度化;提高工商者的素质,贤者任以为官;抑制“文巧”;强化宏观经济调控和国家干预流通的职能等。《管子》的工商管理思想,不仅造福于当时的齐国人民,也在中国经济思想发展史上闪出了明亮的光环。     

善治的德性诉求

善治的魅力在于公共事务管理中公共利益最大化的目的性和公共事务管理的民主化,但西方善治的路径却建立在社团利益最大化利益博弈的基础之上,因此,所面对的困境是善活而不善.善治的中国化和追求善治的善果,需要确立善治的德性基础和德性民主的合理化路径.     

Inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity: psychobiological and evolutionary underpinnings of ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a prevalent and disabling disorder that is characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, impairment in executive functions, structural and functional abnormalities in frontal-striatal circuitry, associations with particular catecholamine gene variants, and responsiveness to dopaminergic and noradrenergic agents. There is a growing integration of findings from basic and clinical studies, of data from different methods (eg, genetics and imaging), and of empirical data with hypotheses drawn from evolutionary thinking. Here we briefly summarize work on the cognitive-affective neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.