人类空间记忆和空间巡航

人类如何表征周围环境的空间结构信息,如何利用记忆中的空间表征来指导个体在环境中的空间活动,已成为认知心理学、神经科学、地理学以及人工智能研究的重要课题。文章综述了作者负责的实验室及其合作者近年来在视觉空间信息表征、基于运动的空间表征更新,以及认知系统中的不同空间信息处理模块等方面的研究工作,对以上问题及其内在的认知机制问题进行了初步的探讨     

消费者满意度测量中的光环效应

以中国铁路客运服务为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方法,证实了在消费满意度实际测量中光环效应存在的客观性,并验证了消费者满意度测量中同样存在总体印象和显著维度两种光环效应。进一步研究发现,无论上述哪种类型光环效应,其影响都是通过对满意度直接影响较大的维度进行传递;因此,企业在改进消费者满意度时,完全可以利用光环效应,通过改进显著维度来弥补其他维度的不足。     

教师工作倦怠研究综述

工作倦怠是在以人为服务对象的职业领域中,个体的一种情感耗竭、人格解体和个人成就降低的症状。该文对教师工作倦怠的原因及其影响因素进行了分析,最后,还对工作倦怠的测量和诊断问题进行了介绍。     

语义表征具身理论:情绪在概念表征中的作用

概念如何被表征是认知科学的热点问题,其中抽象概念如何表征是当前具身认知最具争议性的话题之一。与前期概念隐喻理论(强调意象图式)和知觉符号理论(强调情境内省信息)的观点不同,语义表征具身理论强调情绪经验信息在抽象概念表征和加工中的作用。具体而言,具体概念的表征主要来自感觉运动信息,而抽象概念的表征主要来自情绪经验信息和语言信息。研究证明,抽象概念的高情绪经验信息能够促进词汇的加工,且这一促进作用受词汇情绪效价的调节。未来研究应进一步考虑影响情绪经验信息发挥作用的因素,比如语言信息的丰富性、情绪唤醒或个体的情绪状态等。     

军人焦虑、忧郁情绪研究Ⅱ:主导因素及其交互作用

在研究Ⅰ中我们揭示了军人焦虑、忧郁情绪的基本状态,发现了影响因素,产提出因素间可能存在一定的交互作用,共同对情绪发生影响的假设。本研究在此基础上,着重对主导因素及因素间的交互作用进一步探索。结果发现,导致忧郁的主要因素为家庭因素即单亲家庭;其次为军龄,独生子女和成长环境（城市或农村）,环境与文化程度两因素的交互作用明显;导致焦虑的主要因素也为单亲家庭,其次为军龄,环境与文化程度两因素的我互作用同样     

共情对大学生亲社会行为的影响:道德推脱和内疚的多重中介作用

为了探讨道德推脱和内疚在共情与大学生亲社会行为间的多重中介作用。研究采用人际反应指针量表、道德推脱问卷、内疚感问卷和亲社会行为倾向量表对1280名大学生进行测量。结果表明:(1)道德推脱在共情与大学生亲社会行为间起中介作用;(2)内疚在共情与大学生亲社会行为间起中介作用。结论表明:共情可以直接影响亲社会行为,也可以通过道德推脱和内疚间接影响亲社会行为。     

Team tenure and team performance: A meta-analysis and process model

Team tenure is a key component of models of team effectiveness. However, the nature of the relationship between team tenure and team performance is unclear due to underdeveloped theory on the nature of team tenure, various unintegrated theoretical conceptualizations of team tenure, and mixed empirical findings. Further, there is a lack of theory as to the intervening team processes and emergent states that account for the “black box” of the team tenure–team performance relationship. Accordingly, we conducted meta-analyses of the relationships of team tenure with team processes and performance. Our results, based on 622 effect sizes reported in 169 studies, show that team tenure, conceptualized as additive team tenure, collective team tenure, and team tenure dispersion, is positively related to team performance. Relative weights analysis found additive team tenure to be a relatively more important predictor of team performance than collective team tenure or team tenure dispersion. We found that team cognition, motivational-affective states, and behavioral processes mediate the relationships of additive team tenure, collective team tenure, and team tenure dispersion with team performance, respectively. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice.     

汤用彤留学汉姆林大学时期哲学文稿探微

汤用彤在美国汉姆林大学时所写哲学、心理学论文手稿，幸承汤一介先生保藏，使我们得以了解他留学期间所受严格学术训练，领略那个时代前辈学者对西方哲学的系统研究和深刻理解。这些成果成为汤用彤后来著述的来源，反映出学衡派形成的思想轨迹。留关所学新知奠定了汤用彤的治学基础和方向，通过其传介，推进了国人的文化研究，具有思想启蒙和为现代中国学术奠基的历史作用。它的整理与发掘，为我们重新审视西学东渐史上一些重要问题提供了珍贵资源。     

The influence of time units on the flexibility of the spatial numerical association of response codes effect

The Spatial Numerical/Temporal Association of Response Codes (SNARC/STEARC) effects are considered evidence of the association between number or time and space, respectively. As the SNARC effect was proposed by Dehaene, Bossini, and Giraux in 1993, several studies have suggested that different tasks and cultural factors can affect the flexibility of the SNARC effect. This study explored the influence of time units on the flexibility of the SNARC effect via materials with Arabic numbers, which were suffixed with time units and subjected to magnitude comparison tasks. Experiment 1 replicated the SNARC effect for numbers and the STEARC effect for time units. Experiment 2 explored the flexibility of the SNARC effect when numbers were attached to time units, which either conflicted with the numerical magnitude or in which the time units were the same or different. Experiment 3 explored whether the SNARC effect of numbers was stable when numbers were near the transition of two adjacent time units. The results indicate that the SNARC effect was flexible when the numbers were suffixed with time units: Time units influenced the direction of the SNARC effect in a way which could not be accounted for by the mathematical differences between the time units and numbers. This suggests that the SNARC effect is not obligatory and can be easily adapted or inhibited based on the current context.     

路德为什么是如此的迷人?——路德研究的芬兰学派

本文是芬兰学派之父曼多马教授于20世纪90年代在美国向英语世界介绍芬兰学派的文章。它通过探索路德为什么如此迷人的原因,对路德研究的芬兰学派的过程及出版情况、路德研究的认识论和本体论预设、路德的"分享和(或)圣化"概念、分享和爱进行了介绍,最后从五个方面简要地总结了路德迷人的原因。