No advantage for remembering horizontal over vertical spatial locations learned from a single viewpoint

Previous behavioral and neurophysiological research has shown better memory for horizontal than for vertical locations. In these studies, participants navigated toward these locations. In the present study we investigated whether the orientation of the spatial plane per se was responsible for this difference. We thus had participants learn locations visually from a single perspective and retrieve them from multiple viewpoints. In three experiments, participants studied colored tags on a horizontally or vertically oriented board within a virtual room and recalled these locations with different layout orientations (Exp. 1) or from different room-based perspectives (Exps. 2 and 3). All experiments revealed evidence for equal recall performance in horizontal and vertical memory. In addition, the patterns for recall from different test orientations were rather similar. Consequently, our results suggest that memory is qualitatively similar for both vertical and horizontal two-dimensional locations, given that these locations are learned from a single viewpoint. Thus, prior differences in spatial memory may have originated from the structure of the space or the fact that participants navigated through it. Additionally, the strong performance advantages for perspective shifts (Exps. 2 and 3) relative to layout rotations (Exp. 1) suggest that configurational judgments are not only based on memory of the relations between target objects, but also encompass the relations between target objects and the surrounding room—for example, in the form of a memorized view.     

Flexible parafoveal encoding of character order supports word predictability effects in Chinese reading: Evidence from eye movements

Several eye-movement studies have revealed flexibility in the parafoveal processing of character-order information in Chinese reading. In particular, studies show that processing a two-character word in a sentence benefits more from parafoveal preview of a nonword created by transposing rather than replacing its two characters. One issue that has not been investigated is whether the contextual predictability of the target word influences this processing of character order information. However, such a finding would provide novel evidence for an early influence of context on lexical processing in Chinese reading. Accordingly, we investigated this issue in an eye-movement experiment using the boundary paradigm and sentences containing two-character target words with high or low contextual predictability. Prior to the reader’s gaze crossing an invisible boundary, each target word was shown normally (i.e. a valid preview) or with its two characters either transposed or replaced by unrelated characters to create invalid nonword previews. These invalid previews reverted to the target word once the reader’s gaze crossed the invisible boundary. The results showed larger preview benefits (i.e. a decrease in fixation times) for target words following transposed-character than substituted-character previews, revealing a transposed-character effect similar to that in previous research. In addition, a word predictability effect (shorter fixation times for words with high than low predictability) was observed following both valid and transposed-character previews, but not substituted-character previews. The findings therefore reveal that context can influence an early stage of lexical processing in Chinese reading during which character order is processed flexibly.

     

金末全真高道范圆曦生平事迹考

<正>丘处机带领十八弟子离开山东后,在留守山东的全真高道中,最著名的就是郝大通高徒普照真人玄通子范圆曦。范圆曦,号玄通子,宁海人,生于金大定十七年(1177)。他幼时即显示出与众不同的品格,据宋子贞撰《普照真人玄通     

Family Functioning and Social Support in Men and Women Diagnosed with Depression in China

Previous research has demonstrated the association between family functioning and depression. This study evaluated family functioning and perceived social support in men and women in Shanghai who had received a diagnosis of a major depressive disorder (N = 100), including sixty-six women and thirty-four men. The relationship between family functioning and social support of outpatients with major depressive disorders was explored using the Chinese Family Assessment Device and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The scores from all dimensions of family functioning for both men and women indicated that depressed men and women all reported experiencing unhealthy family functioning. The clinical implications of these findings for the developing practice of family therapy in China are discussed.     

中国哲学研究的新视野——两岸中国哲学研究的身体维度学术会议综述

从最初对西方身体转向的应激反应,到开始关注中国古代哲学的身体维度,再到多角度、宽领域深入开掘中国传统哲学的身体特质,作为中国哲学研究的新视野,中国哲学的身体性研究展现出了非凡的活力.关于这一研究的新进展,海峡两岸中国哲学研究的身体维度会议从三个方面,即身体与伦理、体感与体知、身体与语文作了细致的探讨,不仅深化了中国哲学的身体性研究,也推进了海峡两岸学者在这一领域的学术交流,中国哲学的身体性研究已成为建设当代文化的重要资源.     

马修·阿诺德的“天人之策”

马修.阿诺德的《文化与无政府状态》既是一部文化批评名著,也是一部政治学名作。作者应时势之需要,赋予文化以政治教化的功能,以此来纠偏中产阶级的市侩习气,驯化底层民众的反抗精神,以力求社会摆脱陷入无政府状态的可能。阿诺德的对策固然有迂阔不实的一面,可他从文化角度去解决社会问题,对于20世纪新左派知识分子倡导的文化政治多有启发。     

气韵本乎游心——道家气思想的心学意义

本文分别从认识论、实践论、心性论三个层面论述了道家气思想对气韵本乎游心这一美学命题的哲学基础性影响,归纳出道—气—心—性—德—虚静—美的命题,认为虚静之心无论对于宗教修炼还是艺术创作都是根本的起点和最终的极境,人之身心正是在虚静中才能体悟到道家之道、道教美学之美、内丹之仙、中国艺术之气韵。     

Modeling of 1-3 piezoelectric composites operating in thickness-stretch vibration mode

For bulk piezoelectric ceramics plates, the fundamental thickness-stretch (TSt) waves are always coupled to the in-plane extension waves and the symmetric thickness-shear waves. The occurrence of these spurious modes in bulk piezoelectric ceramics plates is undesirable as it may interfere with the operation of transducers. 1–3 piezoelectric composites are promising candidates to suppress the spurious modes mentioned above. However, theoretical modelling of multiphase ceramic composite objects is very complex. In this study, a simple analytical TSt vibration model is constructed from three-dimensional equations of linear piezoelectricity. The mechanical damping is considered in the model by introducing a complex elastic constant. The performance of 1–3 piezoelectric composites is analysed and the electrical impedance results from theoretical and experimental analysis are compared. The results show that there is excellent agreement between the experimental electrical impedance and that obtained by the theoretical TSt vibration analysis. This indicates that 1–3 piezoelectric composites can be operated in a nearly pure TSt vibration mode near the fundamental resonance. The analytical model we present is valid for analysing 1–3 piezoelectric composites plates with large aspect ratios quickly and efficiently.     

“鲁学”北渐与齐鲁古道

齐鲁大地,海岱之间,古道众多,但据严耕望先生考证有东西两条重要之南北交通线,现代考古发现也证实了此观点。春秋末发源于鲁的儒学在战国时期兴盛于齐,既而在西汉成为罢黜百家,独尊儒术的显学。这一过程背后有很多因素,本文仅从儒学传播的地理途径——齐鲁古道入手,以孔子、孟子来往于齐鲁两地的行迹为中心,将史籍文献、历代地理变迁之大势以及迄今所存之历史遗迹等线索汇集一起,阐释齐鲁古道在鲁学北渐中的特殊意义。