自尊只有高低之分吗?——高自尊的异质性及其启示

传统观点认为,高自尊者比低自尊者有更好的适应性,但越来越多的研究者认为这种自尊水平的二分法过于简单,因为每种水平内部,尤其是高自尊内部还存在质的差异,即高自尊的异质性。该文对此进行了简要介绍并指出了它对未来自尊研究及教育的重要启示。     

大学生知识价值观的实证研究

该研究从理论上界定了知识价值观及其基本成分(即知识价值目标、知识价值评价和知识价值手段)。运用设计的《大学生知识价值观调查表》,对2043名大学生进行了调查。结果显示,大学生在知识价值目标、知识价值评价和知识价值手段三方面都呈现出年级、性别和专业的差异。     

论中世纪西欧犹太社团的司法自治--以10-12世纪的法国和德国为例

中世纪时期,西欧各国的犹太社团虽游离于主流社会之外,没有任何政治权利,却享有广泛的自我管理权,其中司法自治是犹太自我管理权最重要的体现,这使得欧洲犹太社团的存在和犹太人的自我管理有了法律基础.同时,欧洲的非犹太人社会一般不干涉犹太人内部事务,无疑对于欧洲犹太社团的存在、发展、巩固起到了决定性作用,也是犹太文化和传统得以保存至今的一个重要原因.本文着重分析犹太社团司法自治的权利来源、犹太社团的立法机构及重大法规的影响和社团司法自治的原则,同时对犹太社团司法自治产生的深远影响进行阐释.     

农民合作社对村庄治理的影响——基于对吉林梨树县百信农民合作社的实证调查

通过对吉林省梨树县百信农民合作社的实地调查,笔者对农民合作的动因进行了分析,并对合作社的内部治理结构、组织功能和组织文化进行了相关研究。笔者认为,以经济关系联合起来的农民在成为合作社的社员以后,并没有改变其村民的身份,这就出现了一个主体两种身份的局面,势必会把合作社和村庄治理挂起钩来;合作社的发展会对以村民自治为核心的村庄治理产生一些示范效应,并可能对村庄体制内组织功能产生一些替代。     

维特根斯坦与宗教

维特根斯坦是一个伟大的分析哲学家,但是一生与宗教有非常密切的联系。本文分为两部分。第一部分从维特根斯坦的家庭背景、成长经历、性格特征、所受影响等方面分析了维特根斯坦与宗教(基督教)的联系;第二部分从“关于宗教的本质是否可以言说”、“为什么会有宗教?”“宗教与激情”、“上帝是谁?”“信仰上帝是为了给人生寻找意义”等五个方面分析和评论了维特根斯坦的宗教观点。     

论瘟神赵公明是怎样成为财神的

本文从祈财信仰史和赵公明神格发展史的角度,论述了财神赵公明的产生过程及原因。认为赵公明自出现之始,就兼具惩恶、扬善两种神格。自其进入道教经典直至南宋,道教宣扬的是瘟神赵公明的惩恶职能。到了元代,其善神神格始得强调。有明中晚期,为满足日益广泛的祈财信仰需要,已成为职业宗教者并活动在民间的道教徒,继承前人对瘟神赵公明的改造,完成了财神赵公明的建构。而元代大黑天神信仰的盛行和骑虎形象则对赵公明成为财神起了推波助澜的作用。     

修复性正义:基于刑事司法展开的伦理

修复性正义是在反思与批判报应性正义的基础上确立起来的一种旨在修复犯罪人、被害人、社区与社会之间正常利益关系并实现正义和谐的刑事理念或价值取向,修复性正义下的刑事司法制度建设在我国有着广阔的正义基础和制度空间。     

Thermal sensitivity in Tourette syndrome: preliminary report

The effects of heat on tic symptoms were studied in a sample of 78 adults with Tourette syndrome. 62 men and 16 women completed a survey concerning the type, onset, and course of their tics. 10 adult male subjects also participated in a thermal challenge during which ambient temperature was raised from 22 degrees C to 35 degrees C following a control period. Of the 78, 24% or 19 reported increased tics upon exposure to heat. Compared to the remaining 59 subjects, there were no differences in sex distribution, current age, or overall course of illness. In the thermal challenge, there was general increase in tics that was correlated with sweat rate (r = .55, p = .001). This effect was prominent in 5 of 10 subjects (rs = .29 to .63). There were no mean differences in current age, age of onset, or current severity of symptoms between the five subjects of each group. Tic symptoms in a subgroup of patients with Tourette syndrome may be sensitive to heat. Abnormal heat regulation is not a likely explanation for the observed increase in tics. The increase may be due to normal heat-loss mechanisms through dopaminergic pathways.     

Rowed to recovery: the use of phonological and orthographic information in reading Chinese and English

To examine how readers of Chinese and English take advantage of orthographic and phonological features in reading, the authors investigated the effects of spelling errors on reading text in Chinese and English using the error disruption paradigm of M. Daneman and E. Reingold (1993). Skilled readers in China and the United States read passages in their native language that contained occasional spelling errors. Results showed that under some circumstances very early phonological activation can be identified in English, but no evidence for early phonology was found in Chinese. In both languages, homophone errors showed a benefit in measures of later processing, suggesting that phonology helps readers recover from the disruptive effects of errors. These results suggest that skilled readers take advantage of the special features of particular orthographies but that these orthographic effects may be most pronounced in the early stages of lexical access.     

教师心理素质的隐含研究

本研究旨在运用隐含研究方法揭示教帅应具备的心理素质及其结构。为此,本研究进行了一个预备测试与3个正式测试。研究结果表明：①创造性,责任感,教育效能感等21项特性是教师重要的心理品质;②在这些心理品质中,客观公正性、移情性、角色认同、有恒性、监控陛、责任感、非权势等11项心理品质被教师、家长、学生共同认定为最重要最基本的心理品质;③人们心目中教师心理品质由工作动因,工作行为、行为调控三个维度构成的;④综合三项测试结果,本研究认为教师心理素质是由3个维度、10项基本特性构成的。此外,文章还分析了这一结论与以前研究结果的关系及隐含研究方法对于该项研究的适用性。