高中生职业生涯困惑、自我同一性和亲子依恋之间的关系研究

对700名高中学生进行问卷调查,考察高中生职业生涯困惑、自我同一性地位和亲子依恋之间的关系。结果发现:(1)意识形态领域中的四类同一性地位和人际领域的弥散型地位对职业生涯困惑有直接影响。(2)母亲依恋中的沟通因子和父亲依恋中的三个因子对中学生职业生涯困惑有直接的影响。(3)亲子依恋中的母亲沟通、父亲沟通和父亲信任因子对中学生职业生涯困惑具有直接和间接的影响;母亲疏离因子和父亲疏离因子通过自我同一性地位间接地影响中学生职业生涯困惑。     

风险偏好与框架效应对大学生职业决策的影响

在应用Hsee等设计的风险偏好水平问卷对46名大学生进行分组的基础上,通过设计职业决策情境,探究了当代大学生职业决策与其风险偏好、职业方案以及方案的框架性倾向之间的关系。研究结果表明：（1）高风险偏好大学生的职业选择倾向明显高于低风险偏好的大学生,尤其对冒险职业方案的选择中,上述趋势最为明显;（2）框架效应存在于大学生职业决策情境中,他们更倾向于选择采用积极口吻表述的职业方案;（3）大学生对冒险、折中、保守三种方案的职业选择倾向有显著地逐渐增大的趋势。     

老子心中之“道”

《道德经》是道教最重要的经典,“道”是《道德经》中最重要的概念。老子将“道”视为根源性的存在,宇宙万物包括生命均根源于此。“道”在《道德经》里被提升到了天地之本的高度,获得了宇宙论和本体论的意义。     

客体特征统计属性表征机制的特异性

通过两个实验就视觉系统能否像计算平均数那样高效地计算其他统计量的问题进行了探讨。实验—保持—组圆的平均大小不变而改变众数,考察平均数估计是否受众数变化的影响;实验二采用与实验一相同的刺激,直接考察被试估计众数的绩效。结果发现：（1）对平均数的估计不受总体众数变化的影响;（2）对众数的估计往往不如对平均数的估计准确,估计值受平均数变化的影响;（3）在估计众数的任务中,被试成绩受总体极大值的影响。上述结果表明,视觉系统不存在针对众数的自动化加工机制。根据本实验的结果可以进一步推测,视觉系统并非对所有统计量都可做高效加工,而可能存在针对平均数的特异加工机制。     

选择性注意中意识与无意识过程分离的实验研究

以汉语单字词为材料,通过颜色来区分目标和分心物,采用过程分离程序,直接探讨了目标激活与分心物抑制和意识、无意识过程之间的关系。结果表明,（１）靶词充当分心物时,不仅意识过程存在的概率降低,无意识过程存在的概率也降低。这一结果说明,在选择性注意任务中,信息是有关还是无关,并不能分离意识和无意识过程;（２）靶词充当目标时,加工水平影响Ｐｃ,但不影响Ｐｕ,而靶词充当分心物时,加工水平既不影响Ｐｃ,也不影响Ｐｕ。因此,加工水平能否分离意识和无意识过程,依赖于靶词的作用或信息是否有关     

独立、协同和平衡视角下的单维式基本心理需要满足

通过聚焦各需要满足(自主、归属或能力满足)间的“异质”性, 单维式基本心理需要满足的探索为基本心理需要满足研究的整体框架提供了重要补充。独立、协同和平衡视角下, 综述了单维式需要满足影响个体的理论基础(内部动机和内化的外部动机的心理机制)和研究现状; 提出并论述了三种需要满足的有限可替代性。未来研究应深化三种视角的需要满足研究、探索需要满足间的补偿效应、单维式需要满足的神经基础和单维式基本需要受阻等。     

An improved stochastic EM algorithm for large-scale full-information item factor analysis

In this paper, we explore the use of the stochastic EM algorithm (Celeux & Diebolt (1985) Computational Statistics Quarterly, 2, 73) for large-scale full-information item factor analysis. Innovations have been made on its implementation, including an adaptive-rejection-based Gibbs sampler for the stochastic E step, a proximal gradient descent algorithm for the optimization in the M step, and diagnostic procedures for determining the burn-in size and the stopping of the algorithm. These developments are based on the theoretical results of Nielsen (2000, Bernoulli, 6, 457), as well as advanced sampling and optimization techniques. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and virtually tuning-free, making it scalable to large-scale data with many latent traits (e.g. more than five latent traits) and easy to use for practitioners. Standard errors of parameter estimation are also obtained based on the missing-information identity (Louis, 1982, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 44, 226). The performance of the algorithm is evaluated through simulation studies and an application to the analysis of the IPIP-NEO personality inventory. Extensions of the proposed algorithm to other latent variable models are discussed.     

How mindfulness affects benign and malicious envy from the perspective of the mindfulness reperceiving model

At present, mindfulness is a hotspot in psychological research. Mindfulness is an effective tool that enables people to effectively inhibit negative emotions. Previous studies have shown that envy is a typical negative emotion; however, envy can be divided into two completely different types: benign envy and malicious envy. The question then arises, how does mindfulness affect both types of envy? Using a mindfulness reperceiving model, we explored the effect of mindfulness on these two different types of envy and on the mediating mechanism of psychological resilience. To accomplish this, we recruited 676 Chinese undergraduates to complete the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BEMAS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The results we obtained showed that mindfulness and psychological resilience significantly and negatively predicted malicious envy and that psychological resilience played a partially mediating role in the relationship. In addition, the results showed that there was no significant effect between mindfulness and benign envy; however, psychological resilience can significantly and positively predict benign envy and played a completely mediating role between mindfulness and benign envy. These results effectively extend theories based on the mindfulness reperceiving model while also being important for promoting benign envy and inhibiting malicious envy in terms of improving mindfulness and psychological resilience.     

Shavinina的智能测评观述评

近来Shavinina等人通过一系列研究,提出了一种新的智能结构观,认为智能主要包含两个部分：认知经验和智能表现。在此基础上,他们分析了未来智能测验应遵循的一系列原则,并进行了初步的测验编制尝试,提出了一些富有创意的测验方法,如“完美计算机”、“概念整合”以及“问题建构”等测验。Shavinina等人所提出的新智能观以及关于智能测验的新技术具有很强的启发性,代表了智能研究的又一新方向。     

约纳斯的责任概念辨析

汉斯·约纳斯(Hans Jonas)是20世纪后半叶德国最深刻、最重要的哲学家之一.他通过<有机体与自由>和<责任原理>等著作,对科学技术进行了深刻的哲学批判与伦理论证.他的思想具备某种后现代的维度,并获得了世界性声誉.