从“专气致柔”看老子的养生思想

老子在《道德经》第十章中说:"专气致柔,能如婴儿乎?"就是说人能够积聚自己的元气达到婴儿的状态,就可以实践"长生久视之道"。为什么呢?老子在《道德经》第五十五章中说:"含德之厚,     

陈抟与《阴真君还丹歌注》关系略考

陈抟是晚唐五代至北宋初期的著名道士。一般认为,宋以后易学中的图书易学一派,与他有着极深的渊源关系。一、陈抟之生平、著述关于陈抟的生平,正史见载于《宋史·隐逸传》。宋人的一些笔记,如邵伯温的《邵氏闻见录》、     

略谈道教对西王母的崇拜

道教神仙信仰中的西王母,是一位介于“神”与“仙”之间的尊神。西王母崇拜所体现的宗教内涵是一种什么样的境界?当今人民又将怎样发扬光大?本文试就此提出一些浅见,就教于方家及高道大德。一、西王母崇拜应是中国母系社会转型期的图腾崇拜和对母亲的崇拜     

从伦理学角度浅析离婚损害赔偿制度的完善

为了保护离婚受害方的合法权益,抚慰其心灵创伤,我国2001年修正后的《婚姻法》确立了离婚损害赔偿这一新的离婚救济制度.通过离婚损害赔偿制度的伦理内涵,可以看出离婚损害赔偿制度不是随着婚姻制度的出现而产生的,它的产生是在社会进步的过程中,女性的人格和精神利益受到关注并在法律上得以确认的结果.我国离婚损害赔偿制度应从以下三个方面进行完善:离婚损害赔偿制度适用情形应该包括通奸等重大过错行为、义务主体应包括介入他人婚姻关系的第三人、举证应适用过错推定原则.     

论马克思的道德实践

马克思不是一个反道德主义者,也不是一个道德中立论者,而是一个彻底的人道主义者和道德实践家.他批判旧道德,树立新道德,追求人性解放、个性自由,反对空洞说教.他一生献身于无产阶级解放事业的革命实践,对广大劳苦大众的深切关爱,所展现的完美的人格、高尚的德性,以及所成就的惊天动地的事业,足以证明正是由于他真正将美德和智慧、理论和实践、哲学家和革命家集于一身,才塑造了最伟大的人生.     

价值观管理基础理论研究述评

彼得·德鲁克认为:"管理,作为一门学科,作为一门实践,它涉及人与社会的价值观."[1]但在20世纪80年代以前,管理领域是不太重视文化管理的,更遑论其深化形式--价值观管理了.作为渐趋主流化的新的管理理论,已经有不少研究者对价值观管理的缘起、内涵、功能等一系列基础理论问题提出了有益的见解,对企业管理发展起到了非常重要的促进作用.因此,很有必要对已有基础理论研究成果进行系统的梳理.     

康德道德哲学的上升之路与下降之路

康德的道德哲学具有形式主义的特征,但正是这一点被人们所误解,认为康德的道德哲学是一种空洞无物、没有实际效用的学说.然而,综观康德的道德哲学,可以看到,康德对道德法则形式化的追求只是其道德哲学的一个必不可少的方面,另一方面,康德力图使自己的道德哲学走向经验和情感,走向生活世界.这也就构成了康德道德哲学的上升之路与下降之路.     

Enriched environment treatment restores impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits induced by prenatal chronic stress

Prenatal stress can cause long-term effects on cognitive functions in offspring. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, believed to be the mechanism underlying certain types of learning and memory, and known to be sensitive to behavioral stress, can be changed by prenatal stress. Whether enriched environment treatment (EE) in early postnatal periods can cause a recovery from these deficits is unknown. Experimental animals were Wistar rats. Prenatal stress was evoked by 10 foot shocks (0.8 mA for 1s, 2-3 min apart) in 30 min per day at gestational day 13-19. After weaning at postnatal day 22, experimental offspring were given the enriched environment treatment through all experiments until tested (older than 52 days age). Electrophysiological and Morris water maze testing was performed at 8 weeks of age. The results showed that prenatal stress impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) but facilitated long-term depression (LTD) in the hippocampal CA1 region in the slices. Furthermore, prenatal stress exacerbated the effects of acute stress on hippocampal LTP and LTD, and also impaired spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze. However, all these deficits induced by prenatal stress were recovered by enriched environment treatment. This work observes a phenomenon that may contribute to the understanding of clinically important interactions among cognitive deficit, prenatal stress and enriched environment treatment. Enriched environment treatment on early postnatal periods may be one potentially important target for therapeutic interventions in preventing the prenatal stress-induced cognitive disorders.     

What is in a word? No versus Yes differentially engage the lateral orbitofrontal cortex

The words "No" and "Yes" are involved in conditioning to prohibit or encourage behavior, respectively. The authors, therefore, hypothesized that these words would be attributed to endogenous valence, activating neuronal circuits involved with valence and emotional control. Functional MRI (fMRI) at 4 Tesla was used to record regional brain activity while participants were exposed to emphatic vocalizations of the words. Results showed that No and Yes were associated with opposite brain-behavior responses; while No was negatively valenced, produced slower response times, and evoked a negative signal in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), Yes was positively valenced, produced faster response times, and evoked a positive signal in a contiguous region of the OFC. Attribution of negative valence to No and trait anger control were associated with increased responsivity of the OFC to No. Inasmuch as sensitivity to the prohibitive command No develops during childhood through interaction with primary caregivers as the first social objects, our findings may implicate the lateral OFC in the neurobiology of emotion regulation and subsequent social development.     

工作记忆与选择性注意的交互关系

综述了近年来工作记忆和选择性注意交互关系的一系列研究。研究者们主要从两个方面对该领域的问题进行了探讨：（1）工作记忆在选择性注意中的作用,主要涉及工作记忆的内容在选择性注意的注意导向中的作用、在晚期反应选择中的作用以及在视觉搜索和返回抑制中的作用等方面;（2）选择性注意在工作记忆的信息维持和更新中的作用,主要涉及空间注意在空间工作记忆的复述机制中的作用、注意的分心物加工机制对工作记忆的影响以及在记忆表征中的选择性注意等方面