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901.
佛教"疑伪经"与弥勒信仰--以佛教经录为中心的考察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
"疑伪经"是中国佛教经典中所特有的一类经典,它们尽管受到种种鄙视和排斥而难以流传,但是,从佛经目录中可以看出这类经典在特定时期仍然大量存在和流行,有些甚至保存至今.其中,有一部分关于弥勒信仰的疑伪经,是反映弥勒信仰在中国特定历史时期发展的重要资料,从中可以看出弥勒信仰在当时社会中的流传情况. 相似文献
902.
弥勒信仰乃最早传入中土的净土信仰。本文从净土观念、弥勒信仰与念佛法门之间的关系出发,考查了早期禅宗与弥勒信仰的关系。文章认为,新兴的禅宗最初是以念佛三昧为出发点,称念弥勒乃其化人方便之一;禅宗之传衣说,实源自释迦通过迦叶而转授弥勒以僧伽梨之记载;无论从文献还是出土文物而观,净众保唐禅派皆崇奉弥勒。 相似文献
903.
In this prospective longitudinal study, the authors investigated the association between lifetime tobacco use and subsequent health problems by age 30. The authors interviewed a community group of 749 participants from upstate New York at mean ages of 14, 16, 22, and 27 years. Daily tobacco use during any of the time periods, as well as the number of periods of daily tobacco use, were significantly associated with increased risk for respiratory ailments, neurobehavioral and cognitive problems, and general malaise. The results suggested that daily tobacco use, either during childhood, adolescence, the early 20s, or a combination of those times, predicted health problems by age 30. Effective smoking prevention programs that begin in childhood are imperative to prevent the occurrence of later health problems. 相似文献
904.
This research identifies a new source of failure to make accurate affective predictions or to make experientially optimal choices. When people make predictions or choices, they are often in the joint evaluation (JE) mode; when people actually experience an event, they are often in the single evaluation (SE) mode. The "utility function" of an attribute can vary systematically between SE and JE. When people in JE make predictions or choices for events to be experienced in SE, they often resort to their JE preferences rather than their SE preferences and overpredict the difference that different values of an attribute (e.g., different salaries) will make to their happiness in SE. This overprediction is referred to as the distinction bias. The present research also specifies when the distinction bias occurs and when it does not. This research contributes to literatures on experienced utility, affective forecasting, and happiness. 相似文献
905.
906.
Nicotinic cholinergic synaptic mechanisms in the ventral tegmental area contribute to nicotine addiction 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16 下载免费PDF全文
Pidoplichko VI Noguchi J Areola OO Liang Y Peterson J Zhang T Dani JA 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2004,11(1):60-69
Tobacco use is a major health problem that is estimated to cause 4 million deaths a year worldwide. Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco. It acts as an agonist to activate and desensitize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). A component of nicotine's addictive power is attributable to actions on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, which serves a fundamental role in the acquisition of behaviors that are inappropriately reinforced by addictive drugs. Here we show that nicotine, in the same concentration and time ranges as obtained from tobacco, has three main actions that regulate the activity of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. Nicotine first activates and then desensitizes nAChRs on the DA neurons. This process directly excites the DA neurons for a short period of time before the nAChRs desensitize. Nicotine also enhances glutamatergic excitation and decreases GABAergic inhibition onto DA neurons. These events increase the probability for synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation. The short-lived direct excitation of the DA neurons coupled with the enhanced glutamatergic afferent activity provides the presynaptic and postsynaptic coincidence necessary to initiate synaptic potentiation. In total, these synaptic events lead to a relatively long-lasting heightened activity of midbrain DA neurons. Consistent with other summarized studies, this work indicates that the synaptic changes normally associated with learning and memory can be influenced and commandeered during the nicotine addiction process. 相似文献
907.
汉语转折复句的命题表征项目互换效应研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用句子一图画验证任务(sentence-picture verification task)探讨了汉语转折复句的命题表征项目互换效应。结果表明,汉语倒装转折复句的项目表达顺序为“(但是)B→虽然A”,命题表征中项目存在着互换的倾向,所形成的命题表征为“虽然A→但是B”。本研究结果初步表明,读者理解汉语转折复句可能是一个按照“虽然A(事实让步)→但是B(转折)”固定方向进行系列认知加工的过程。 相似文献
908.
Olson IR Zhang JX Mitchell KJ Johnson MK Bloise SM Higgins JA 《Psychology and aging》2004,19(2):310-317
Two studies compared young and older adults' memory for location information after brief intervals. Experiment 1 found that accuracy of intentional spatial memory for individual locations was similar in young and older participants for set sizes of 3 and 6. Both groups also encoded individual locations in relation to the larger configuration of locations. Experiment 2 showed that like young adults, older adults' latency to respond to a test probe in a letter working memory task was negatively influenced by spatial information that was irrelevant to the task. This interference effect indicated preserved incidental memory for spatial information in older adults. Together, these data suggest that initial encoding of spatial information for relatively small numbers of items is largely preserved in healthy older adults and that representations of spatial information persist over short intervals. 相似文献
909.
外表真实区别、表征变化和错误信念的任务分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
自20世纪80年代以来,“心理理论”已成为发展心理学的研究热点和最活跃、最多产的领域。为了分析和比较“心理理论”的实验任务,该研究以济南市3所幼儿园中的233名3—6岁儿童为有效被试。进行了“意外转移。和“欺骗外表”两种心理理论实验任务。得出如下主要结论:(1)意外转移任务中内隐错误信念显著难于标准错误信念,易化错误信念与标准错误信念的难度不存在显著差异。(2)欺骗外表任务中外表真实区别难度显著低于表征变化和错误信念。(3)意外转移任务的错误信念显著难于欺骗外表任务的错误信念。 相似文献
910.
攻击行为儿童大脑半球某些认知特点的研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
为了解攻击行为儿童大脑两半球的认知活动特点,采用侧视野速示呈现技术,对径“同伴提名量表”筛选的17名攻南 儿童和16名正常儿童进行了比较研究。 相似文献