Ein Situierter Künstlicher Kommunikator für Konstruktionsaufgaben

A Situated Artificial Communicator for Assembly Tasks Summary. In this article we describe a Situated Artificial Communicator for assembly tasks. The main components of the system we are developing are a speech understanding module and a two-arm-robot module. The robot system can be instructed using spontaneous speech. The speech understanding module is based on Combinatory Categorial Grammar, which makes incremental and interactive speech understanding possible. The robot module is provided with multiple sensors and it masters complex assembly operations like peg-in-hole or screwing a nut into a bolt. The architecture and the underlying cognitive principles enable interactive processing that depends on the actual situation and allows the system to take advantage of redundant items of information. Due to these principles our Situated Artificial Communicator is highly robust. Zusammenfassung. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir einen Situierten Künstlichen Kommunikator vor, im vorliegenden Fall ein Robotersystem für Konstruktionsaufgaben. Das Robotersystem kann durch spontansprachliche Anweisungen gesteuert werden. Die Hauptkomponenten des Systems sind eine Sprachverstehenskomponente und eine Zwei-Arm-Roboterkomponente. Die Sprachverstehenskomponente basiert auf der Combinatory Categorial Grammar und ermöglicht eine inkrementelle und interaktive Sprachverarbeitung. Die Roboterkomponente verfügt über eine Vielzahl von Sensoren und beherrscht Montageoperationen wie Stecken und Schrauben. Durch die gewählte Architektur und die zugrundegelegten kognitiven Verarbeitungsprinzipien können Teilkomponenten des Systems der aktuellen Situation entsprechend interagieren und Informationsredundanz nutzen. Das System erhält dadurch eine hohe Robustheit.     

儿童理解程度副词的特征

本实验用模糊数学方法研究4—9岁儿童对程度副词的理解特征。结果说明9岁儿童的理解达到了成熟水平;幼儿偏向于夸大理解程度副词的词义;7、8岁是发展的转折期。     

状元殿试对策的文化内涵

状元殿试对策有着深厚的文化底蕴。它既是对当时性文化现象的全面把握,又是对历时性文化内涵的深刻理解和灵活化用。状元殿试对策作为传统文化的重要载体之一,有着重要的文化研究价值,对当今考试文体也有着诸多启示和借鉴。     

论内隐认知

人的认知活动是意识过程和无意识过程的统一,该文论证了内隐认知过程的存在性、普遍性、有效性,相对独立性,并就内隐与外显认知过程的关系及其在认识中的作用做了分析和评价。     

宗教对精神文明建设的影响--对苏北农村信教现象分析及思考

自改革开放以来,在宗教信仰自由和宽松的社会环境下,农村信教人数增长很快,信教活动有正规合法的,也有非正规不合法的。正如任何事情都有两面性一样,信教现象也不例外。对此现象,我们必须加以重视,对青少年加强科学和无神论世界观的教育与引导,培养出具有共产主义远大理想的社会主义建设人才,促进社会主义精神文明的健康发展。     

Relation matters: relative depth order is stored in working memory for depth

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Working memory is considered as a cognitive memory buffer for temporarily holding, processing, and manipulating information. Although working memory for verbal...     

Jeffrey Meets Kolmogorov

Journal of Philosophical Logic - Jeffrey conditionalization is a rule for updating degrees of belief in light of uncertain evidence. It is usually assumed that the partitions involved in Jeffrey...     

Visual working memory enhances target discrimination accuracy with single-item displays

The maintenance of information in visual working memory has been shown to bias the concurrent processing in favor of matching visual input. The present study aimed to examine whether this bias can act at an early stage of processing to enhance target feature perception in single-item displays. Participants were sequentially presented with two distinct colored stimuli as memory samples and a retro-cue indicating which of the two samples should be maintained for subsequent memory test. During the retention interval, they had to discriminate the gap orientation of a Landolt target presented through a single visual stimulus that could match one or neither of the two samples. Across two experiments, we consistently found that discrimination performance was more accurate when the Landolt target was situated within a stimulus that matched the sample being retained in visual working memory, as compared with when the target was not. This effect cannot be attributed to the mechanism of passive priming, because we failed to observe priming effects when the stimulus containing the target matched the sample that was retro-cued to be irrelevant to the working memory task, as compared to when the stimulus matched neither sample. Given the fact that target stimuli were presented in single-item displays wherein external noise was precluded, the present findings demonstrate that the working memory bias of visual attention operating in the absence of stimulus competition facilitates early perceptual processing at the attended location via signal enhancement.

     

一例大学生社交恐惧症的案例分析报告

本文是一例女大学生因怀疑自己口臭、担心肠蠕动的声音像放屁声,因表现为在人多的场所感到紧张、不断地吞口水,回避人多的场所等症状的心理咨询案例。分析了求助者的生物学层面、社会层面和心理层面的相关资料,结合SCL-90、SAS、SDS的测验结果,分别做出了诊断和鉴别诊断。采用认知行为疗法和暴露疗法对来访者做了有效干预和治疗。根据求助者自我评估、咨询师评定、心理测验结果证明本咨询为有效咨询。     

Are the salutogenic effects of social supports modified by income? A test of an added value hypothesis.

Older adults (54 men, 113 women; M age = 69.5 years) were examined to test the hypothesis that social supports would be more salutogenic (health promoting) for persons with lower incomes than for persons with higher incomes. Interactions of income and social supports (mean of 3 emotional scales of the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List) at study entry predicted changes 15-18 months later in a cardiovascular composite (linear combination of high-density lipoproteins-mean arterial pressure; p < .05), and natural killer cell activity (p < .05). For both outcomes, emotional supports were salutogenic for persons with lower incomes (< or =$29,000/year), but not for persons with higher incomes (>$29,000/year). In contrast, interactions of the Tangible Support Scale with income did not occur. Persons with lower incomes may derive benefits from social supports that go beyond tangible assistance.