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951.
In this article, the authors examine the role of self-construal in aesthetic preference for angular versus rounded shapes. Previous research found an independent self-construal is associated with a confrontation approach to conflict resolution, whereas an interdependent self-construal is associated with compromise. Furthermore, the literature in empirical aesthetics suggests that angular shapes tend to generate confrontational associations, and rounded shapes tend to generate compromise associations. Accordingly, the authors propose individuals with independent self-construals should perceive angular shapes as more attractive, whereas individuals with interdependent self-construals should find rounded shapes more attractive. The authors argue this effect of self-construal should be more pronounced when people expect that their shape preferences will be evaluated by others because culturally consistent responses will be more accessible in this situation. These hypotheses were largely confirmed in a field study that classified logos from a variety of countries and two experiments in which self-construal was experimentally primed. 相似文献
952.
On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The authors examine the practice of dichotomization of quantitative measures, wherein relationships among variables are examined after 1 or more variables have been converted to dichotomous variables by splitting the sample at some point on the scale(s) of measurement. A common form of dichotomization is the median split, where the independent variable is split at the median to form high and low groups, which are then compared with respect to their means on the dependent variable. The consequences of dichotomization for measurement and statistical analyses are illustrated and discussed. The use of dichotomization in practice is described, and justifications that are offered for such usage are examined. The authors present the case that dichotomization is rarely defensible and often will yield misleading results. 相似文献
953.
本文对阿尔都塞在理论逻辑意义上拒斥人本主义和历史主义,以及把“主体”视为意识形态的建构并应以“过程”概念取代之等极易引发误解的观点进行深层解读,澄清了阿尔都塞关于反人本主义、反历史主义和反对一切主体哲学作为马克思主义哲学基本原则的内涵,并作出自己的批判性分析。 相似文献
954.
Bird HR Canino GJ Davies M Zhang H Ramirez R Lahey BB 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2001,29(6):465-478
Using data from the MECA Study, this report examines the prevalence of Conduct Disorder (CD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and various levels of antisocial behavior and their correlates among three ethnic groups: Hispanics, subdivided into Island Puerto Ricans and Mainland Hispanics; African Americans; and Mainland Non-Hispanic, Non-African Americans. Correlates considered include stressful life events, birth defects, low birth weight, learning difficulties, teen mothers, family environment, marital adjustment, social competence, parental monitoring, and family relationships. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of outcomes with individual correlates and of interaction terms with ethnicity. Differences between adjusted rates and observed rates of disorders and levels of antisocial behaviors are compared to estimate the extent to which each correlate explains the group differences in rates. Island Puerto Ricans had a lower prevalence of CD, ODD, and various levels of antisocial behavior than mainland Hispanics, African Americans, and non-Hispanic Whites. The lower prevalence appears to be associated with differences in the extent to which a number of these correlates are found on the island, the most salient being better family relations between the target children and their parents and siblings. 相似文献
955.
Nelson DL Zhang N McKinney VM 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2001,27(5):1147-1159
Recognition success varies with how information is encoded (e.g., level of processing) and with what is already known as a result of past learning (e.g., word frequency). This article presents the results of experiments showing that preexisting connections involving the associates of studied words facilitate their recognition regardless of whether the words are intentionally encoded or are incidentally encoded under semantic or nonsemantic conditions. Words are more likely to be recognized when they have either more resonant connections coming back to them from their associates or more connections among their associates. Such results occur even though attention is never drawn to these associates. Regression analyses showed that these connections affect recognition independently of frequency, so the present results add to the literature showing that prior lexical knowledge contributes to episodic recognition. In addition, equations that use free-association data to derive composite strength indices of resonance and connectivity were evaluated. Implications for theories of recognition are discussed. 相似文献
956.
This paper describes a low-cost easily constructed and readily portable "lock-out system" suitable for college bowl and related quiz games. Suggestions on how to use the device are presented. 相似文献
957.
958.
Naijian Zhang David N. Dixon 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2001,29(4):253-262
The authors conducted an analog study to investigate the difference between culturally responsive and culturally neutral counselors. Sixty Asian international students were interviewed by 6 counselors. Students in the culturally responsive condition rated their counselors as significantly more expert, attractive, and trustworthy than those in the culturally neutral condition. Un estudio analágico se diseñó para investigar la diferencia entre consejeros culturalmente sensibles y culturalmente neutrales. Sesenta estudiantes internacionales Asiáticos fueron entrevistados por seis consejeros. Los estudiantes en la condición culturalmente sensible valoraron a sus consejeros como significativamente más expertos, atractivos, y confiables que ésos en la condición culturalmente neutral. 相似文献
959.
问题解决策略的元认知研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本研究旨在了解大学生对问题解决策略的理解。通过测试57名大学生对五种问题解决策略(自由产生、类推、逐步分析、形象化重构和整合)在三种情景(人际交往、实际生活和学习过程)三个维度(经常使用、有效性、易于使用)下的评估,发现大学生使用类推策略最多,自由产生策略最少。他们普遍认为这五种策略最适宜于用在学习情景中,在人际交往中的用处不大。这种结果在性别上没有显著性差异。另外.大学生认为几乎每一种策略都需要综合、分析、判断和推理四种思维能力,其中自由产生策略需要用到更多的能力,包括创造能力。 相似文献
960.
运用听读理解测验的方法探讨言语表情标记对6~8岁儿童寓言故事理解的影响。结果表明。言语表情标记能促进各年龄组儿童对故事的理解,这种促进作用在6、7岁儿童身上表现得非常显著。男、女儿童对有、无言语表情标记的故事的理解不存在显著差异。 相似文献