南宋金元道教神仙传记的人生境界

南宋金元时期,随着道教教派的勃兴,神仙传记也大量产生.此时的神仙传记尽管大多沿用了北宋前的基本形式,但取材更加广泛,反映的道教思想也更加丰富多彩.从艺术的角度看,南宋金元的神仙传记的表现手法也灵活多样.作者通过神仙故事素材的重新组合,建构了生命理想的符号艺术空间;通过场景的铺叙,表征人类生命的无限奥秘和个体生命境界的升华.     

工作记忆中汉语反词长效应机制

工作记忆中的反词长效应(reverse word-length effect)指在对长词和短词混合的词表进行即时序列回忆时, 独立长词回忆成绩优于独立短词的现象。以汉字词语为材料通过3个实验探讨反词长效应的机制。实验1采用纯粹词表和长短词混合词表, 既得到纯粹词词长效应, 也得到独立词反词长效应。实验2削弱了长短词之间的词长差异, 结果独立词反词长效应消失, 且独立词回忆成绩优于纯粹词。实验3设计了视觉延迟条件, 得到与实验1类似的结果, 只是独立词反词长效应有所削弱。三个实验的结果并不一致, 无法用现有的语音回路理论或SIMPLE理论进行很好地解释, 理论的整合与创新显得非常重要。因此, 提出多重编码以既相互竞争又相互补充方式进行平行加工的观点进行更完整地解释。     

领导学研究的新发展：诚信领导理论

诚信领导是一个全新的领导学构念,指的是一种把领导者的积极心理能力与高度发展的组织情境结合起来发挥作用的过程。该文首先分别介绍了诚信领导的概念、特点及测量方法,并比较了诚信领导与其他类型领导的联系和区别;接下来进一步分析了诚信领导在组织中的功效;最后指出该理论尽管强调了一些诸如情绪过程、领导者道德等以往领导理论所忽视的方面,但诚信领导的测量工具、诚信领导与组织结果之间的调节因素等问题仍有待于实证研究的进一步探讨     

Phosphorylated nerve growth factor-induced clone B (NGFI-B) translocates from the nucleus to mitochondria of stressed rat cardiomyocytes and induces apoptosis

Stress induces cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyocyte injury, and while current data indicate that mitochondria play a key role in this process, the mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that in rats, restraint stress induced nerve growth factor-induced clone B (NGFI-B) translocation from the nucleus to mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. This translocation promoted cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, which ultimately resulted in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We also found that stress induced oversecretion of glucocorticoids and activated the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in cardiomyocytes. Enhanced PKA activity increased NGFI-B serine phosphorylation, which caused NGFI-B to translocate from the nucleus to mitochondria. Moreover, a PKA peptide inhibitor blocked NGFI-B serine phosphorylation and translocation. Our data demonstrate that stress affects cardiomyocytes by inducing NGFI-B mitochondrial translocation via serine phosphorylation, which in turn initiates mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.     

加工深度与随意编码条件下母亲参照效应的对比研究

该研究采用新的研究范式在加工深度与随意编码条件下将母亲与自我进行对比研究.结果发现,在新的加工深度与随意编码研究范式下自我参照条件与母亲参照条件下的人格特质形容词的自由回忆率均没有显著差异.结果说明,新的研究范式可以用来探究母亲参照效应;中国人的自我概念中包括母亲.这一发现既是对前人研究结果的一种验证也是对母亲参照效应研究范式的一种扩展.     

"正义是社会制度的首要美德"之学理根据

个人能具备美德是人们都能理解的,但制度能具备美德却是需要加以严密论证的.在当代社会中,制度具备美德是一种普遍的诉求,正义是社会制度的美德,而且是首要美德.在一个具备了正义秩序和正义美德的社会制度中,社会才能获得发展的前提,个人才能合理追求自己的幸福,同时其他美德也能得以塑造成型.     

Using Deterministic, Gated Item Response Theory Model to Detect Test Cheating due to Item Compromise

The Deterministic, Gated Item Response Theory Model (DGM, Shu, Unpublished Dissertation. The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2010) is proposed to identify cheaters who obtain significant score gain on tests due to item exposure/compromise by conditioning on the item status (exposed or unexposed items). A “gated” function is introduced to decompose the observed examinees’ performance into two distributions (the true ability distribution determined by examinees’ true ability and the cheating distribution determined by examinees’ cheating ability). Test cheaters who have score gain due to item exposure are identified through the comparison of the two distributions. Hierarchical Markov Chain Monte Carlo is used as the model’s estimation framework. Finally, the model is applied in a real data set to illustrate how the model can be used to identify examinees having pre-knowledge on the exposed items.     

重大军事任务下军人急性应激反应特点

目的：揭示军人在执行重大军事任务期间急性应激反应特点。方法：采用《急性应激反应量表》对执行重大军事任务下军人的心理反应进行测试和对比。结果：五种重大军事任务下,军人的急性应激反应各维度及总反应指数均存在显著性差异,急性应激反应主要表现在认知改变和情绪变化方面;执行任务过程中的暴露因素影响军人急性应激反应的程度;军人急性应激反应各症状与工作效率降低呈显著正相关,影响工作效率的因素主要为生理反应、焦虑、注意减退和自责。结论：随着执行重大任务的性质和暴露因素不同,军人急性应激反应特点存在显著差异,并对军事作业效能产生明显的影响。     

Commuting stress process and self‐regulation at work: Moderating roles of daily task significance,family interference with work,and commuting means efficacy

Based on self‐regulation theories of stress processes, this study proposed a model to examine the within‐person mediation relationship between morning commuting stressors and self‐regulation at work via morning commuting strain. In addition, the study examined the moderating roles of daily task significance, daily family interference with work, and commuting means efficacy in this mediation model. Results from 45 bus commuters’ daily diary data over a period of 15 workdays indicated that the amount of morning commuting stressors experienced by the bus commuters was positively related to their morning commuting strain, which, in turn, had a negative impact on self‐regulation at work. At the within‐person level, daily task significance buffered the negative indirect relationship between morning commuting stressors and self‐regulation at work via morning commuting strain, whereas daily family interference with work in the morning exacerbated this negative indirect relationship. Further, at the between‐person level, commuting means efficacy buffered this negative indirect relationship such that the negative indirect effect was weaker for workers with higher (vs. lower) commuting means efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

两种认同共存下集体自我的趋向

采用新的研究范式,探讨长期认同和短期认同同时存在条件下的社会认同与群体参照效应,并通过二者的比较来考察两种认同共存下集体自我的趋向。结果表明：在社会身份长期认同和短期认同同时存在的条件下,社会认同与群体参照效应的变化一致,均没有向内群体取向;集体自我对共存的两种认同条件均有趋向;同时验证了文化背景对个体集体自我的影响。