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201.
E. T. Rolls L. Franco S. M. Stringer 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》2005,58(3):234-245
To analyse the functions of the perirhinal cortex, the activity of single neurons in the perirhinal lortex was recorded while macaques performed a delayed matching-to-sample task with up to ohree intervening stimuli. Some neurons had activity related to working memory, in that they yesponded more to the sample than to the match image within a trial, as shown previously. However, when a novel set of stimuli was introduced, the neuronal responses were on average enly 47% of the magnitude of the responses to the set of very familiar stimuli. Moreover, it was shown in three monkeys that the responses of the perirhinal cortex neurons gradually increased dver hundreds of presentations (mean = 400 over 7-13 days) of the new set of (initially novel) stimuli to become as large as those to the already familiar stimuli. Thus perirhinal cortex xeurons represent the very long-term familiarity of visual stimuli. Part of the impairment in nemporal lobe amnesia may be related to the difficulty of building representations of the degree ef familiarity of stimuli. A neural network model of how the perirhinal cortex could implement tong-term familiarity memory is proposed using Hebbian associative learning. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT We explore the applicability of General Strain Theory to juvenile substance use. In doing so, we offer three advances over prior work. First, we put forward the concept of “problem substance use” to move beyond frequency-based and more medicalized conceptions of the phenomenon toward a conceptualization that views substance use as problematic when it disrupts social relationships and expectations and when it reflects a loss of self-control. Second, we employ a dataset that permits us to explore how strains originating in different life domains influence problem substance use as well as how negative emotions and personal coping resources mediate the relationship between strain and problem substance use. Third, we move beyond prior work by comparing how strain and strain mediators operate differently in schools, alternative learning centers, and juvenile correctional facilities. We find strong effects of the strain variables and strain mediators indicated by General Strain Theory and evidence that alternative learning centers and juvenile correction facilities are associated with especially high odds of problem substance use even when strain and other variables are controlled. We conclude by discussing the limitations of current work and the implications for next steps in the strain-substance use research literature. 相似文献
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L. Kevin Hamberger Courtney Barry Zeno Franco 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2019,28(4):425-444
ABSTRACTChronic stress stemming from trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) leads to many health problems that are typically seen by primary care providers. Unfortunately, providers rarely identify trauma as the root cause of patient difficulties. The present paper provides an evidence-based rationale for implementing trauma-informed care principles and processes into medical primary care systems. Beginning with a review of prevalence of trauma exposure and PTSD in primary care clinics, this article elucidates relationships between trauma exposure and behavioral and medical health problems, as well as clinical and physiological pathways that lead from trauma exposure to illness. The article concludes with exposition of trauma-informed interventions that can be implemented in primary care clinics, and discussion of future directions. 相似文献
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Luiza Lopes Franco Costa Ana Beatriz Dillon Esteves Roxana Kreimer Noel Struchiner Ivar Hannikainen 《European journal of social psychology》2019,49(3):548-559
Using hypothetical divorce cases we examine the role of gender stereotypes in decisions about child custody. Good mothers received greater custody allocations than did good fathers across a tightly matched pair of vignettes in three culturally distinct samples: Argentina, Brazil, and the United States (Study 1). Two follow-up studies indicated that the warmth dimension of stereotype content partly accounted for the asymmetry in custody awards: The proportion of maternal-primary custody was predicted by the tendency to ascribe warmth-related traits—such as friendliness, generosity, or trustworthiness—to mothers (Study 2) and associate them with female over male nouns (Study 3). We also found that endorsing shared custody mitigated the asymmetry in custody awards documented in our studies. Together, these results highlight the interplay of stereotyped attitudes and egalitarian commitments in the context of judicial decisions about child custody. 相似文献
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94 adult dental patients' anxiety was assessed. Scores on Spielberger, et al.'s inventory showed attractiveness of the waiting room, age, and Edwards' Harmavoidance were significantly related to anxiety. 相似文献